The Tumbes-Choco-Magdalena biodiversity hotspot is bordered by two other hotspots (Mesoamerica and Tropical Andes). It extends from the Magdalena Valley of Colombia and the Darien province of Panama through Ecuador to northern Peru, and also includes the Galapagos Islands. It supports more than 100 endemic bird species including the white-winged guan, long-wattled umbrella bird and 14 species of Darwin's finches, as well as the cotton-top tamarn and the golden poison frog, one of the most venomous vertebrate species in the world.

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