Piotr Naskrecki / Koppie Foam Grasshopper (Dictyophorus spumans) in shrubland, Cederberg Wilderness Area, Western Cape, South Africa

Piotr Naskrecki / True Weevil (Curculionidae) with aposematic coloration, Muller Range, Papua New Guinea

Piotr Naskrecki / Sexton Beetle (Nicrophorus sp) with aposematic coloration, Nakanai Mountains, New Britain, Papua New Guinea

Piotr Naskrecki / True Weevil (Curculionidae) with aposematic coloration, New Britain, Papua New Guinea

Piotr Naskrecki / Jumping Spider (Athamas sp) with aposematic coloration, New Britain, Papua New Guinea

Colin Monteath / Antarctic Fur Seal (Arctocephalus gazella) male defending territory, South Georgia Island, Antarctica

ZSSD / Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus sp) with aposematic coloration, native to Asia

Steve Gettle / Clear-winged Tiger Moth (Cosmosoma sp), Costa Rica

Chien Lee / Weevil (Macrochirus praetor) with aposematic coloration, Taman Negara, Kelantan, Malaysia

Steve Gettle / Looper Moth (Geometridae), Costa Rica

Mark Moffett / Weaver Ant (Oecophylla sp) pair defending against Driver Ant (Dorylus nigricans) attack, Africa

Suzi Eszterhas / Moth caterpillar in defensive posture, Danum Valley Conservation Area, Malaysia

Piotr Naskrecki / Tomentose Burying Beetle (Nicrophorus tomentosus) with aposematic coloration, Woburn, Massachusetts

Piotr Naskrecki / Scarab Beetle (Chrysina sp) with aposematic coloration, Tapanti National Park, Cartago, Costa Rica

Piotr Naskrecki / Clear-winged Tiger Moth (Cosmosoma teuthras) with aposematic coloration, Barbilla National Park, Costa Rica

Piotr Naskrecki / Leaf Beetle (Alurnus ornatus) with aposematic coloration, Barbilla National Park, Costa Rica

Piotr Naskrecki / Leaf Beetle (Alurnus ornatus) with aposematic coloration, Barbilla National Park, Costa Rica

Piotr Naskrecki / Stink Bug (Edessa sp) with aposematic coloration, Barbilla National Park, Costa Rica

Piotr Naskrecki / Clear-winged Tiger Moth (Cosmosoma teuthras) with aposematic coloration, Tapanti National Park, Cartago, Costa Rica

Piotr Naskrecki / Earwig with aposematic coloration, La Selva Biological Research Station, Heredia, Costa Rica

Piotr Naskrecki / Earwig with aposematic coloration, La Selva Biological Research Station, Heredia, Costa Rica

Andrew Parkinson / 2020VISION / An adult Coot (Fulica atra) chasing a Grey heron (Ardea cinerea), defending chicks, Derbyshire, England, UK, June 2011

Matthias Breiter / Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea) protecting ground nest and eggs, Yakutat, Alaska

Matthias Breiter / Semipalmated Plover (Charadrius semipalmatus) using broken-wing display to lure intruders away from the nest, Icy Bay, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, Alaska

Matthias Breiter / Black Oystercatcher (Haematopus bachmani) using broken-wing display to lure intruders away from the nest, Icy Bay, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, Alaska

Matthias Breiter / Semipalmated Plover (Charadrius semipalmatus) using broken-wing display to lure intruders away from the nest, Yakutat, Alaska

Kevin Schafer/ AITo / Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) male defending nest site, Sulawesi, Indonesia

Piotr Naskrecki / Cup Moth (Limacodidae) aposematically colored caterpillar with spines that can deliver an extremely painful sting, Atewa Range Forest Reserve, Ghana

Kevin Schafer / Male Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) defending nest site, Sulawesi, Indonesia, Endangered

Kevin Schafer / Male Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) defending nesting territory on communal nesting ground, Sulawesi, Indonesia, Endangered

Kevin Schafer / Male Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) defending nesting territory, Sulawesi, Indonesia, Endangered

Kevin Schafer / Male Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) defending nesting territory, Sulawesi, Indonesia, Endangered

Kevin Schafer / Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) defending nest from Monitor lizard (Varanidae) Sulawesi, Indonesia, Endangered

Kevin Schafer / Male Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) defending nesting territory, Sulawesi, Indonesia, Endangered

Florian Möllers / Scarecrow and nets defending carp fishponds from birds including Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis). Molln, Northern Germany, August 2009.

Andrew Parkinson / Arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea) adult hovering directly in front of the sun, defending nest from perceived threat, Farne Islands, UK.

Anup Shah / Black backed jackal (Canis mesomelas) in confrontation with Marabou stork (Leptoptilos crumeniferus) while defending a kill, Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya

Anup Shah / Lioness (Panthera leo) trying to warn off herd of Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer), Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya

Michael Quinton / Willow Ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) in broken wing display to lure predators away from nest, Alaska

Piotr Naskrecki / Indigo Walking Stick (Megacrania nigrosulfurea) exhibiting aposematic coloration, Papua New Guinea

Piotr Naskrecki / Spiny Spider (Gasteracantha sapperi) in web, Papua New Guinea

Piotr Naskrecki / Tessaratomid (Tessaratomidae) nymph with warning coloration, Papua New Guinea

Piotr Naskrecki / Waxcap (Hygrocybe sp) mushrooms, Connecticut

Piotr Naskrecki / Red-banded Leafhopper (Graphocephala coccinea), Estabrook Woods, Massachusetts

Piotr Naskrecki / Cup Moth (Limacodidae) aposematically colored caterpillar, Ghana

Nature Production / Ayu Fish (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis) in river, defending territory, Mie, Japan, May

Hiroya Minakuchi / Green And Black Poison Dart Frog (Dendrobates auratus), Costa Rica

Hiroya Minakuchi / Green And Black Poison Dart Frog (Dendrobates auratus), Costa Rica

Christian Ziegler / Ant (Crematogaster sp) group defending Macaranga (Macaranga sp) plant, but are fooled by caterpillar that is using fake ant pheromones, Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia

Christian Ziegler / Ant (Crematogaster sp) group defending Macaranga (Macaranga sp) plant, but are fooled by caterpillar that is using fake ant pheromones, Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia

Christian Ziegler / Pill Bug (Armadillidiidae) rolled up into defensive posture, Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia

Suzi Eszterhas / Side-striped Jackal (Canis adustus) attacking White-backed Vultures (Gyps africanus) at kill, Okavango Delta, Botswana

Mark Moffett / Squash Bug (Coreidae), Santa Rita, Panama

Birgitte Wilms / Nudibranch (Nembrotha sp) pair mating, Solomon Islands

Anup Shah / Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) female 'Siswi' defending her food from a Long-tailed / Crab-eating Macaque (Macaca fascicularis). Camp Leakey, Tanjung Puting National Park, Central Kalimant...

Sergey Gorshkov / Steller's sea eagle (Haliaeetus pelagicus) defending fish prey, Lake Kuril, Kamchatka, Far East Russia, January

Tui De Roy / Zebra (Equus quagga) female protecting foal, El Karama Ranch, Kenya

Tui De Roy / African Elephant (Loxodonta africana) calves protected by females, Mpala Research Centre, Kenya

Thomas Marent / Leaf Insect (Phyllium sp) displaying tail showing false eyespots, Crater Mountain, Papua New Guinea

Thomas Marent / Leaf Insect (Phyllium sp) displaying tail showing false eyespots, Crater Mountain, Papua New Guinea

Chien Lee / Raspy Cricket (Phlebogryllacris venosa), Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia

Chien Lee / Blister Beetle (Horia debyi) male, Lawas, Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia

Chien Lee / Spotted Stream Frog (Rana picturata) in defensive posture to increase its apparent size and display its aposematic coloration, Kubah National Park, Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia

Chien Lee / Hasselt's Spiny Spider (Gasteracantha hasselti), Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia

Chien Lee / Chrysomelid Beetle (Aspidimorpha sanctaecrucis), Cuc Phuong National Park, Ninh Binh, Vietnam

Chien Lee / Net-winged Beetle (Duliticola sp) neotenic female remains in her larval form even when mature, Pulong Tau National Park, Gunung Murud, Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia

Chien Lee / Net-winged Beetle (Duliticola sp) neotenic female remains in her larval form even when mature, Pulong Tau National Park, Gunung Murud, Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia

Chien Lee / Katydid (Tettigoniidae) juvenile from the montane forests, Pulong Tau National Park, Gunung Murud, Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia

Chien Lee / Longjawed Orb Weaver (Opadometa sp) spider, newly discovered species from montane rainforest, Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia

Chien Lee / Mangrove Cat Snake (Boiga dendrophila) with extended tongue, Jakarta, Java, Indonesia

Chien Lee / Saturniid Moth (Antheraea larissa), Lundu, Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia

Konrad Wothe / Fire Salamander (Salamandra salamandra) walking, Bulgaria

Chien Lee / Giant Crab Spider (Sparassidae), Lundu, Malaysia

Chien Lee / Giant Crab Spider (Sparassidae), Gunung Penrissen, Borneo, Malaysia

Chien Lee / Giant Crab Spider (Sparassidae), Gunung Penrissen, Borneo, Malaysia

Chien Lee / Squash Bug (Coreidae) juveniles with aposematic coloration, Danum Valley Conservation Area, Malaysia

Chien Lee / Brown Thorny Frog (Chaperina fusca), Danum Valley Conservation Area, Malaysia

Chien Lee / Nymphalid Butterfly (Cethosia sp) caterpillars with aposematic coloration, Kubah National Park, Malaysia

Chien Lee / White-lipped Island Pit Viper (Trimeresurus albolabris insularis) coiled in tree, Jakarta, Indonesia

Chien Lee / Green Tree Python (Morelia viridis) young, Jakarta, Indonesia

Chien Lee / Green Tree Python (Morelia viridis) young coiled in tree, Jakarta, Indonesia

Thomas Marent / Harlequin Flying Tree Frog (Rhacophorus pardalis), Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Malaysia

Thomas Marent / Assassin Bug (Reduviidae) on fern, Gunung Leuser National Park, northern Sumatra, Indonesia

Thomas Marent / Dyeing Poison Frog (Dendrobates tinctorius), Surinam

Thomas Marent / Dyeing Poison Frog (Dendrobates tinctorius), Surinam

Thomas Marent / Dyeing Poison Frog (Dendrobates tinctorius), Surinam

Thomas Marent / Dyeing Poison Frog (Dendrobates tinctorius), Surinam

Thomas Marent / Dyeing Poison Frog (Dendrobates tinctorius), Surinam

Thomas Marent / Dyeing Poison Frog (Dendrobates tinctorius), Surinam

Thomas Marent / Dyeing Poison Frog (Dendrobates tinctorius), Surinam

Thomas Marent / Dyeing Poison Frog (Dendrobates tinctorius), Kaw, French Guiana

Thomas Marent / Dyeing Poison Frog (Dendrobates tinctorius), Kaw, French Guiana

Thomas Marent / Dyeing Poison Frog (Dendrobates tinctorius), Kaw, French Guiana

Thomas Marent / Pebas Stubfoot Toad (Atelopus spumarius), Colombia

Thomas Marent / Great Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus) female, Switzerland

Thomas Marent / Alpine Newt (Ichthyosaura alpestris) male, Switzerland