Ingo Arndt / Giant silkworm moth caterpillar close up of spines {Lonomonia cyniva} Carabobo, Venezuela

Ingo Arndt / Saturniid moth caterpillar close up of spines {Syssphinx mexicana} Costa Rica

Ingo Arndt / Slug caterpillar moth larva {Acharia nesea} Guanacaste, Costa Rica

Ingo Arndt / Slug caterpillar moth larvae mimicry {Limacodidae} Comoe NP, Ivory Coast

Ingo Arndt / Slug caterpillar moth larva mimics bug {Limacodidae} Guanacaste, Costa Rica

Ingo Arndt / Brush footed butterfly caterpillar mimics snake {Archaeoprepona demophoon} Guanacaste, Costa Rica

Ingo Arndt / Death's head hawkmoth caterpillar in defence posture {Acherontia atropos} Germany

Ingo Arndt / Looper moth caterpillar mimics twig {Geometridae} Guanacaste, Costa Rica

Ingo Arndt / Slug moth caterpillar mimics seed pod {Perola sp} Guanacaste, Costa Rica, Central America

Ingo Arndt / Cryptic Lobster moth caterpillar mimics ant {Stauropus fagi} Germany

Ingo Arndt / Tussock moth caterpillars mass together for defense. Comoe NP, Ivory Coast {Lymantriidae}. This behaviour tricks predators into thinking the caterpillars are a single, much larger, organism.

Ingo Arndt / Moon moth caterpillar with defence spines {Automeris chaconia} Peru