Ingo Arndt / Tussock moth caterpillars mass together for defense. Comoe NP, Ivory Coast {Lymantriidae}. This behaviour tricks predators into thinking the caterpillars are a single, much larger, organism.
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Ingo Arndt / Moon moth caterpillar with defence spines {Automeris chaconia} Peru
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Ingo Arndt / Saturniid moth caterpillar with warning colouration {Syssphinx mexicana} Guanacaste, Costa Rica
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Ingo Arndt / Cecropia moth caterpillar with warning coloration {Hyalophora cecropia} North America