Norbert Wu / Pink Anemonefish (Amphiprion perideraion) in host Magnificent Sea Anemone (Heteractis magnifica), Fiji

Chris Newbert / Christmas Tree Worm (Spirobranchus giganteus) and Coral Hermit Crab (Paguritta harmsi) colony, Solomon Islands

Chris Newbert / Pink Anemonefish (Amphiprion perideraion) pair in host Magnificent Anemone (Heteractis magnifica) 40 feet deep, Papua New Guinea

Chris Newbert / Black Anemonefish (Amphiprion melanopus) in host Bulb Tentacle Sea Anemone (Entacmaea quadricolor), Solomon Islands

Mark Moffett / Ant (Azteca sp) queen with brood inside Cordia (Cordia nodosa) host tree with tem hairs protecting tree against large enemy ants, but permit passage of small (Azteca sp)

Mark Moffett / Ant (Allomerus sp) group dismember corpses of their enemies within the hollow branches of Cordia (Cordia nodosa) host tree, Peru

Mark Moffett / Round Bodied Parasitic Ant (Cataulacus mckeyi) cannot enter rainforest Legume (Leonardoxa africana) host tree through narrow opening to Protector ant (Petalomynex phylax) nest, West Africa

Mark Moffett / Ant (Pseudomyrmex sp) rips apart a vine that grips leaves of its host Whistling Thorn (Acacia drepanolobium) acacia tree left alone, vine could shade and possibly kill the Acacia

Mark Moffett / Ant (Azteca sp) queen, in her host (Cecropia sp) tree, surrounded by workers and larvae in native colony, Manu, Peru

Mark Moffett / Ant (Azteca sp) queen, in her host (Cecropia sp) tree, starting her colony, Manu, Peru

Mark Moffett / Ant (Azteca sp) queen, in her host (Cecropia sp) tree, starting her colony, Manu, Peru

Mark Moffett / Ant (Azteca sp) queen, in her host (Cecropia sp) tree with workers starting her colony, Manu, Peru

Mark Moffett / Ant (Azteca sp) queen, in her host (Cecropia sp) tree with her first workers starting colony, Manu, Peru

Mark Moffett / Ant (Allomerus sp) queen, in her host Cordia tree with workers and larvae, Manu, Peru

Mark Moffett / Ant (Azteca sp) queen starting her colony within Cordia (Cordia nodosa) host tree, Peru

Mark Moffett / Ant (Crematogaster sp) group inside host plant Macaranga (Macaranga sp) and receive nutrition from scale insects kept inside plant

Mark Moffett / Ant (Allomerus sp) group dismember corpses of their enemies within the hollow branches of Cordia (Cordia nodosa) host tree, Peru

Mark Moffett / Ant (Pseudomyrmex sp) ripping up vine that disturbs its host Whistling Thorn (Acacia drepanolobium) acacia tree, Costa Rica

Mark Moffett / Ant (Pseudomyrmex sp) ripping up vine that disturbs its host Whistling Thorn (Acacia drepanolobium) acacia tree, Costa Rica

Mark Moffett / Ant (Pseudomyrmex sp) ripping up vine that disturbs its host Whistling Thorn (Acacia drepanolobium) acacia tree, Costa Rica

Mark Moffett / Ant (Pseudomyrmex sp) ripping up vine that disturbs its host Whistling Thorn (Acacia drepanolobium) acacia tree, Costa Rica

Mark Moffett / Ant (Pseudomyrmex sp) ripping up vine that disturbs its host Whistling Thorn (Acacia drepanolobium) acacia tree, Costa Rica

Mark Moffett / Ant (Pseudomyrmex sp) ripping up vine that disturbs its host Whistling Thorn (Acacia drepanolobium) acacia tree, Guanacaste, Costa Rica

Mark Moffett / Ant (Pseudomyrmex sp) ripping up vine that disturbs its host Whistling Thorn (Acacia drepanolobium) acacia tree, Costa Rica

Mark Moffett / Carpenter Ant (Camponotus sp) on tendril of host Villose Pitcher Plant (Nepenthes villosa) a symbiotic relationship where the ants help host digest insects in exchange for living space, Borneo

Mark Moffett / Jewelmark (Sarota gyas) butterfly caterpillar plies ants with a liquid excreted from its abdomen When the ants are distracted, the caterpillar feeds on the host plant, French Guiana

Fred Bavendam / Fire Urchin (Asthenosoma varium) that is host to a pair of Coleman's Shrimp (Periclimenes colemani) and parasitic Snails (Leutzenia asthenosomae), Bali, Indonesia

Fred Bavendam / Rosewater's Ovulid (Crenavolva rosewateri) living on a Gorgonian Coral host, Bali, Indonesia

Fred Bavendam / Cowry (Diminovula punctata) living on a Soft Coral (Dendronephthya sp) host, Bali, Indonesia

Norbert Wu / Blackfinned Clownfish (Amphiprion percula) pair, safe among stinging tentacles host Magnificent Anemone (Heteractis magnifica), Solomon Islands

Norbert Wu / Blackfinned Clownfish (Amphiprion percula) safe among stinging tentacles of host Magnificent Anemone (Heteractis magnifica), Solomon Islands

Norbert Wu / Blackfinned Clownfish (Amphiprion percula) safe among stinging tentacles of host Magnificent Anemone (Heteractis magnifica), Solomon Islands

Norbert Wu / Anemonefish, gain protection and food among stinging tentacles of host Magnificant Sea Anemone (Heteractis magnifica), Palau

Mark Moffett / Snags host plants which often have nowhere else to live, Wind River, Washington

Mark Moffett / Snags host plants which often have nowhere else to live, Wind River, Washington

Mark Moffett / Snags host plants which often have nowhere else to live, Wind River, Washington

Fred Bavendam / Shrimp (Periclimenes sp) with similar coloration to that of its crinoid host, Milne Bay, Papua New Guinea

Fred Bavendam / Ambon Shrimp (Periclimenes amboinensis) with similar coloration to that of its host, Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Fred Bavendam / Snail (Annulobalcis sp) laying eggs on a cirri of its Crinoid host, Bali, Indonesia

Norbert Wu / Feather Star Crinoid (Crinoidea) with shrimp which is colored like its host, steals food from crinoid's arms, Palau

Fred Bavendam / Ambon Shrimp (Periclimenes amboinensis) lives only on crinoids and adapts its coloration to match that of its host, Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Tui De Roy / Weeping Fig (Ficus benjamina) view up dead host tree inside strangling air roots, Tangkoko-Dua Saudara Nature Reserve, Sulawesi, Indonesia

Tui De Roy / Weeping Fig (Ficus benjamina) with Tarictic Hornbill (Penelopides panini) nest cavity in host Natu tree trunk, Tangkoko-Dua Saudara Nature Reserve, Sulawesi, Indonesia

Norbert Wu / Anemonefish (Amphiprion sp) protected by stinging tentacles of Magnificent Sea Anemone host, Solomon Islands

Mark Moffett / Ant (Philidris sp) group feeding on the oily orange spores of a host fern The ants live in the fern's stem, where they gather nutrient rich debris to create compost for the fern, Borneo

Mark Moffett / Carpenter Ant (Camponotus sp) group adults and pupae nest safely in tendril of carnivorous pitcher plant, Borneo

Mark Moffett / Ant (Formicidae) colony living in Ant Plant (Hydnophytum sp), Papua New Guinea

Mark Moffett / Ant (Formicidae) colony living in Ant Plant (Hydnophytum sp), Bako National Park, Borneo

Mark Moffett / Ant Plant (Hydnophytum sp) hosts a resident ant colony, Papua New Guinea

Mark Moffett / Ant Plant (Hydnophytum sp) which grows plastered to tree trunks, provides (Philidris sp) ants with a home, drawing nutrients from insect parts collected and brought home by the ants, Bako Park, Sarawa...

Mark Moffett / Ant (Philidris sp) group lives in the fern's speckled stem, where they drag nutrient rich debris to create compost for the fern Orange spores provide food source for ants, Bako, Borneo

Mark Moffett / Ant (Philidris sp) group live in the fern's speckled stem, where they drag nutrient rich debris to create compost for the fern Orange spores provide food source for ants, Bako, Borneo

Fred Bavendam / Cowry (Phenacovolva rosea) living on a coral host, Bali, Indonesia

Fred Bavendam / Needle Shrimp (Stegopontonia commensalis) lives among the sharp protective spines of a Long Spine Sea Urchin host (Diadema setosum), Bali, Indonesia

Norbert Wu / Anemonefish (Amphiprion sp) trio protected by stinging tentacles of host Anemone, Solomon Islands

Norbert Wu / Pink Anemonefish (Amphiprion perideraion) protected by stinging tentacles of host Magnificent Anemone, Solomon Islands

Norbert Wu / Black Anemonefish (Amphiprion melanopus) protected by stinging tentacles of host Bulb Tentacle Sea Anemone (Entacmaea quadricolor), Solomon Islands

Norbert Wu / Pink Anemonefish (Amphiprion perideraion) protected by stinging tentacles of host Magnificent Anemone, Solomon Islands

Mark Moffett / Ant (Pheidole bicornis) collects sticky white food globules from host Piper sp shrub, the shrub secretes globules only after ants move in and ceases production when the ants die out, Costa Rica

Mark Moffett / Ant (Pseudomyrmex sp) larvae feeds on carrot-like growth from host Acacia

Mark Moffett / Ant (Pseudomyrmex sp) feeds larvae carrot-like growth from host Acacia

Mark Moffett / Ant Plant (Hydnophytum sp) which grows plastered to tree trunks, provides ants (Philidris sp) with a home, drawing nutrient from insect parts collected and brought home by the ants, Bako National Park...

Mark Moffett / Ant (Azteca sp) patrol leaves to protect their host tree (Cecropia sp), Manu, Peru

Mark Moffett / Ant (Azteca sp) with food item plucked from its host tree (Cecropia sp), Manu, Peru

Mark Moffett / Ant (Azteca sp) patrol on their host tree (Cecropia sp) killing intruder ant species, Costa Rica

Mark Moffett / Ant (Philidris sp) host plant, close-up

Mark Moffett / Ant (Pachycondyla sp) queen collecting white food bodies grown for her on host tree (Cecropia sp), Manu, Peru

Mark Moffett / Ant (Pseudomyrmex sp) feeding its larvae, carrot-like growth from host Acacia

Mark Moffett / Ant (Pseudomyrmex sp) feeds larvae carrot-like growth from host Acacia

Mark Moffett / Dancing Bulb (Tillandsia bulbosa) with ants living inside, French Guiana

Mark Moffett / Researcher in Fig (Ficus sp) tree shell after host tree has died, Costa Rica

Fred Bavendam / Blackfinned Clownfish (Amphiprion percula) tending eggs laid beside its Magnificent Sea Anemone (Heteractis magnifica) host, Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea

Mark Moffett / Ant (Allomerus sp) parasite sterilizes Cordia (Cordia nodosa) host tree by dismantling flowers, with energy diverted from reproduction, tree grows larger providing more room for ants, Peru

Mark Moffett / Rattan Palm (Calamus rotang) plant is protected by resident ants and spines

Mark Moffett / Rattan Palm (Calamus rotang) probed by entomologist Paddy Murphy to find ants that protect the plant, Singapore

Nick Garbutt / Tiger leech searching for host {Haemadipsa picta} Danum valley, Sabah, Borneo

Doug Perrine / Pink anemonefish amongst tentacles of host sea anemone {Amphiprion perideraion} Great Barrier Reef, Australia (Non-ex).

Doug Perrine / Pink anemonefish amongst tentacles of host sea anemone {Amphiprion perideraion} Great Barrier Reef, Australia (Non-ex).

Pete Oxford / Close-up of head of Remora fish {Echeneididae family} showing suction pad used to adhere to host fish, Trinidad

Pete Oxford / Close-up of sucker of Remora fish {Echeneididae family} Trinidad. Sucker adheres to host fish

Jabruson / Epiphytic fern on host tree {Platycerium stemania} Odiba Bai clearing in rainforest, Odzala NP, Republic of Congo

Jose B. Ruiz / European Cuckoo chick ejecting host - Shrike (Lanius senator) - egg from nest, Spain

Jose B. Ruiz / European cuckoo chick ejecting host bird's chick from nest, Spain

Adrian Davies / Knapweed broomrape next to host plant that it parasitises, Southern England, UK

Nick Barwick / Drainage dyke at Buckenham Marsh RSPB Reserve, Norfolk, UK host to rare & common flora

Ingo Arndt / Cup Moth (Acharia nesea) caterpillar and parasitic wasp, Costa Rica

Paul D Stewart / Illustration of people capturing a caiman. 'It was the first and last time I was ever on a Cayman's back' coloured engraving by Robert Cruikshank after drawing of Captain Edward Jones. Published in 18...

Angelo Giampiccolo / The iconic exterior of Rome's Palazzo della Civitlà del Lavoro (1938-43). This monumental building, designed by architect Marcello Piacentini, is situated in the EUR area in southern Rome. The area w...

Christian Ziegler / Hawk Moth (Sphingidae) caterpillar parasitized by Braconid Wasp (Braconidae) larvae which developed inside the caterpillar and are now in cocoons on its surface, which are in turn parasitized by hyper...

Birgitte Wilms / Golden Anemonefish (Amphiprion sandaracinos) amid tentacles of host anemone, Solomon Islands

Premaphotos / Large fruit fly (Xyphosia miliaria) pair mating on Marsh thistle host plant, UK

Premaphotos / Large fruit fly (Urophora stylata) mating on Spear thistle, host plant for the larvae, UK

Premaphotos / Differential grasshopper (Melanoplus differentialis) can be a pest and is also the intermediate host to parasitic worms of poultry, New Jersey, USA

Premaphotos / Differential grasshopper (Melanoplus differentialis) on rainforest edge. Can be a pest and is also the intermediate host to parasitic worms of poultry, Mexico

John B Free / Mulberry trees ready to be planted as host food plant for the Silkworm moth {Bombyx mori} Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC), Mahabaleshwar, Andhra Pradesh, India

Chris Newbert / Blackfinned Clownfish (Amphiprion percula) in Magnificent Sea Anemone (Heteractis magnifica) host, Solomon Islands