John Cancalosi / Stuffed specimen of Ivory billed woodpecker {Campephilus principalis} USA Louisiana - believed extinct until sighting in 2005

John Shaw / Crimson-crested woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos) at nest cavilty in dead tree. Pantanal, Brazil. July.

Bernard Castelein / Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos), male, perched on trunk, Municipal protected area of Pampas del Yacuma, Bolivia

Bernard Castelein / Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos), male, Pampas del Yacuma Protected Area, Bolivia

Glenn Bartley/ BIA / Magellanic Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) female, Andes, Chile

Glenn Bartley/ BIA / Magellanic Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) male, Andes, Chile

David Perpinan / Two Crimson-crested woodpeckers (Campephilus melanoleucus) in tree at sunset, Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

Murray Cooper / Guayaquil Woodpecker (Campephilus gayaquilensis), South America

Glenn Bartley/ BIA / Pale-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus guatemalensis), Costa Rica

Konrad Wothe / Crimson-crested woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos) drumming and preening, Panguana Reserve, Huanuca Region, Peru.

Gabriel Rojo / Cream-backed woodpecker (Campephilus leucopogon) Ibera Marshes, Corrientes Province, Argentina

Konrad Wothe / Showreel of various wildlife in a rainforest, including Brilliant-thighed poison-arrow frog (Allobates femoralis), Army ants (Eciton burcellii), Nauta salamander (Bolitoglossa altamazonica), Band-tail...

Konrad Wothe / Crimson crested woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos) preening and drumming, Panguana Reserve, Huanuca Province, Peru.

Thomas Marent / Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos) male, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

Murray Cooper / Guayaquil Woodpecker (Campephilus gayaquilensis) parent at nest cavity with chick, Choco Rainforest, Ecuador

Murray Cooper / Guayaquil Woodpecker (Campephilus gayaquilensis), Choco Rainforest, Ecuador

Murray Cooper / Guayaquil Woodpecker (Campephilus gayaquilensis) pair, Choco Rainforest, Ecuador

Cyril Ruoso / Crimson-crested woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos) on tree, tropical rainforest. Barro Colorado Island, Gatun Lake, Panama Canal, Panama.

Konrad Wothe / Crimson-crested woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos) on tree trunk, Panguana Reserve, Huanuco province, Amazon basin, Peru.

Gabriel Rojo / Magellanic woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) pecking at tree trunk, Torres del Paine National Park, Chile

Gabriel Rojo / Magellanic woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) pecking at tree trunk, Torres del Paine National Park, Chile

Gabriel Rojo / Magellanic woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) pecking at tree trunk, Torres del Paine National Park, Chile

Gabriel Rojo / Magellanic woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) pecking at tree trunk, Torres del Paine National Park, Chile

Gabriel Rojo / Magellanic woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) pecking at tree trunk, Torres del Paine National Park, Chile

David Tipling / Ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) skins, Natural History Museum, Tring, UK. Extinct species, occurred in USA and Cuba.

David Tipling / Skins of extinct Ivory-billed woodpeckers (Campephilus principalis) female (left) and male (right) in comparison with Pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) male in middle. Natural History Museum, T...

David Tipling / Pair of Ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) skins, female on the left, male on the right. Natural History Museum, Tring, UK. Extinct species, occurred in USA and Cuba.

David Tipling / Skins of extinct Ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) male (right) in comparison with Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) male (left). Natural History Museum, Tring, UK.

David Tipling / Ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) skins, Natural History Museum, Tring, UK. Extinct species, occurred in USA and Cuba.

Sean Crane / Pale-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus guatemalensis), Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica

Ammonite / Male Pale billed woodpecker (Campephilus guatemalensis) tapping, Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica.

Hermann Brehm / Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos) male at nest hole, Pantanal, Brazil.

Hermann Brehm / Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos) female at nest hole, Pantanal, Brazil.

Hermann Brehm / Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos) male in nest hole, Pantanal, Brazil.

Hermann Brehm / Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos) male at nest hole, Pantanal, Brazil.

Hermann Brehm / Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos) female at nest hole, Pantanal, Brazil.

Hermann Brehm / Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos) male at nest hole, Pantanal, Brazil.

Hermann Brehm / Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos) male at nest hole, Pantanal, Brazil.

Hermann Brehm / Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos) male, Pantanal, Brazil.

Hermann Brehm / Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos) female calling at nest hole, Pantanal, Brazil.

David Tipling / Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) skins, at British Museum at Tring. Critically endangered species likely to be extinct.

David Tipling / Hand coloured etching plate (Plate 16) of Ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama islands (1731-43) Vol. 1 by Mark Catesby. Criticall...

Glenn Bartley / Pale-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus guatemalensis) male, Costa Rica

Glenn Bartley / Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos) male and female on tree trunk, Ecuador

Roland Seitre / Guayaquil Woodpecker (Campephilus gayaquilensis). Chaparri reserve, Chiclayo, Lambayeque, July.

Luiz Claudio Marigo / Robust woodpecker (Campephilus robustus) male at nest hole in Atlantic Rainforest, Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil.

Luiz Claudio Marigo / Robust woodpecker (Campephilus robustus) male at nest hole in Atlantic Rainforest, Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil.

Mark Taylor / Magellanic Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) female on rotting wood that she has pecked in search of insect food. Argentina, South America, March.

Mark Taylor / Magellanic Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) male perched on a tree. Argentina, South America, March.

Colin Monteath / Magellanic Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) male on route sign to Laguna Torre under Cerro Torre peak, Los Glaciares National Park, Patagonia, Argentina

Colin Monteath / Magellanic Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) male on Southern Beech (Nothofagus sp) tree, Los Glaciares National Park, Patagonia, Argentina

Luiz Claudio Marigo / Robust Woodpecker (Campephilus robustus) at nest entrance, Atlantic Rainforest of Itatiaia National Park, municipality of Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil.

Murray Cooper / Powerful Woodpecker (Campephilus pollens) female at entrance to nest cavity, Ecuador

Murray Cooper / Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos) female, Amazon, Ecuador

Murray Cooper / Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos) male clinging to tree, Amazon, Ecuador

Tui De Roy / Magellanic Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) male at nest entrance, in Southern Beech (Nothofagus sp), Tierra del Fuego National Park, Argentina

Tui De Roy / Magellanic Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) male in Southern Beech (Nothofagus sp) forest, Tierra del Fuego National Park, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

Tui De Roy / Magellanic Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) male in Southern Beech (Nothofagus sp) forest, Tierra del Fuego National Park, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

Tui De Roy / Magellanic Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) female in Southern Beech (Nothofagus sp) forest, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

Tui De Roy / Magellanic Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) male in Southern Beech (Nothofagus sp) forest, Tierra del Fuego National Park, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

Michael Hutchinson / Magellanic woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) male on tree trunk, Argentina,

John Cancalosi / Tim Gallagher looking at Ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) nest in Red maple. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York, USA

Rolf Nussbaumer / Pale-billed Woodpecker {Campephilus guatemalensis} male at nest hole, Manuel Antonio National Park, Costa Rica

Bristol City Museum / Ivory billed woodpecker specimen - thought to be extinct but seen in Arkansas in 2005

Bristol City Museum / Ivory billed woodpecker specimen - thought to be extinct but seen in Arkansas in 2005

Bristol City Museum / Ivory billed woodpecker specimen - thought to be extinct but seen in Arkansas in 2005

Flip de Nooyer / Robust Woodpecker (Campephilus robustus) at entrance to nest cavity, Pantanal, Brazil

Agustin Esmoris / Magellanic Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) foraging holes in tree, Tierra Del Fuego National Park, Argentina

Agustin Esmoris / Magellanic Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) foraging holes in tree, Tierra Del Fuego National Park, Argentina

Glenn Bartley/ BIA / Magellanic Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) male, Andes, Chile

Glenn Bartley/ BIA / Magellanic Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) male foraging, Andes, Chile

Glenn Bartley/ BIA / Magellanic Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) female, Andes, Chile

Glenn Bartley/ BIA / Red-necked Woodpecker (Campephilus rubricollis) female, Guyana

Thomas Marent / Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos) male, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

Sean Crane / Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos), Piaui, Brazil

Matthias Breiter / Magellanic Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) male, Torres del Paine National Park, Chile

Hermann Brehm / Magellanic woodpecker {Campephilus magellanicus} male at nest hole, Torres del Paine NP, Patagonia, Chile

Hermann Brehm / Magellanic woodpecker {Campephilus magellanicus} female looking out of nest hole, Torres del Paine NP, Patagonia, Chile

Lewis Jefferies / Pale-Billed woodpecker (Campephilus guatemalensis) pecking fragments of wood off hollow tree trunk, Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica.

Lewis Jefferies / Pale billed woodpecker (Campephilus guatemalensis) pecking fragments of wood off a tree trunk, Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica.

Murray Cooper / Powerful Woodpecker (Campephilus pollens) female bringing prey to male in nest cavity, Ecuador

Murray Cooper / Red-necked Woodpecker (Campephilus rubricollis) male, Ecuador

Murray Cooper / Powerful Woodpecker (Campephilus pollens) male at nest cavity, Ecuador

Murray Cooper / Powerful Woodpecker (Campephilus pollens) male bringing caterpillar prey to nest cavity, Ecuador

Doug Wechsler / Pair of Pale-billed woodpeckers (Campephilus guatemalensis) on climbing vine covered tree, La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica.

Tui De Roy / Magellanic woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus), pair foraging on wind-felled beech tree, Beagle Channel, Patagonia, Argentina

Tui De Roy / Magellanic woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) male feeding in southern beech (Nothofagus) forest, Beagle Channel, Patagonia, Argentina

Tui De Roy / Magellanic woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) female feeding in southern beech (Nothofagus) forest, Beagle Channel, Patagonia, Argentina

Tui De Roy / Magellanic woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) female feeding in southern beech (Nothofagus) forest, Beagle Channel, Patagonia, Argentina

Claudio Contreras / Pale-billed woodpecker (Campephilus guatemalensis) feeding, on tree trunk. Near El Peru / Waka Archaeological Site, Laguna del Tigre National Park, El Peten, Guatemala.