Benjamin Barthelemy,Benjamin Barthelemy / Ibex (Capra Ibex) fighting, Aiguilles Rouges National Nature Reserve, Haute-Savoie, France, June

Nature Production / Bombardier Beetle (Pheropsophus jessoensis) protecting itself by ejecting a boiling, noxious chemical spray, Nagasaki, Japan.

Ole Jorgen Liodden / Arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea) attacking an Arctic Fox (Vulpes / Alopex lagopus) protecting its nest site, Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway. Highly commended, MAMMALS, GDT 2011 competition

Morley Read / Slow motion clip of a Linnaeus' sipo snake (Chironius exoletus) with open mouth, part of threat display, Amazon rainforest, Orellana Province, Ecuador.

Morley Read / Parrot snake (Leptophis ahaetulla) threat display, Amazon rainforest, Orellana Province, Ecuador.

Bence Mate / European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) fighting each other, Kiskunsag National Park, Hungary. June. Winner, 2019 Cadiz Photo Nature Competition.

Diane McAllister / Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) fighting in water. Beaufort Sea , Kaktovik, Alaska, USA. Highly commended in the Polar Passion category of the Nature's Best Photography Competition 2019.

Chase Dekker / Lesser Flamingo (Phoenicopterus minor) pair fighting, Amboseli National Park, Kenya

David Tipling / Common European adder (Vipera berus) two males fighting over a female. Holt, North Norfolk, England, UK. April

David Tipling / Common European adder (Vipera berus) two males fighting over a female, Holt, North Norfolk, England, UK. April

David Tipling / Common European adder (Vipera berus) two males fighting over a female, Holt, North Norfolk, England, UK. April.

Gary Bell/ Oceanwide / Australian Giant Cuttlefish (Sepia apama) males fighting over female, Whyalla, South Australia, Australia

Gary Bell/ Oceanwide / Australian Giant Cuttlefish (Sepia apama) males fighting over female, Whyalla, South Australia, Australia

Alex Mustard / Two female Common seahorses (Hippocampus kuda) fighting over territory on the seabed. The brief fight was preceeded by a ritualised, synchronised parade. Bitung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Lembeh Stra...

Tony Wu / View down the throat of a male Zoarchias major eelpout (Zoarchias major) that has opened its mouth during a confrontation with another male. Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. Pacific Ocean.

Tony Wu / Two male Zoarchias major eelpouts (Zoarchias major) engaged in a mouth-to-mouth confrontation. Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, Pacific Ocean.

Tony Wu / Zoarchias major eelpouts. (Zoarchias major) The orange individual is female, the one in the hole is male. The female has approached the male, curled around him, attempting to dislodge the male from th...

Tony Wu / Zoarchias major eelpout (Zoarchias major) with her mouth wide open. Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, Pacific Ocean.

Nick Upton / Marbled white butterflies (Melanargia galathea) nectaring on a clump of Greater knapweed flowers (Centaurea scabiosa) in a chalk grassland meadow, Wiltshire, England, UK, June.

Nick Hawkins / European green crab (Carcinus maenas), an invasive species in North America, Kejimkujik Seaside National Park, Nova Scotia, Canada. July.

John Chan / Two male Southern Pacific rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus helleri) fighting during mating season. This behaviour is known as a "combat dance", and is used to determine dominance and the right to mate...

Bence Mate / African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) juveniles playing with the leg of an impala, trying to drag it in three different directions. Mkuze, South Africa. Commended in Glanzlichter photo competition 2020.

Marie Read / Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa), females behave aggressively toward a male (second from right) that is trying to join them on a floating log, autumn, New York, USA, October.

Marie Read / Canada geese (Branta canadensis) two during territorial fight in early spring, Ithaca. New York, USA

Marie Read / American avocets (Recurvirostra americana) two during aggressive (territorial) encounter, Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah, USA, May.

David Pattyn / Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) adult males fighting in alpine landscape, Valsavarenche, Gran Paradiso National Park, Aosta Valley, Italy, May

Alan Murphy/ BIA / Northern Caracara (Caracara cheriway) pair fighting, Texas

Alan Murphy/ BIA / Baltimore Oriole (Icterus galbula) males fighting, Texas

Alan Murphy/ BIA / Baltimore Oriole (Icterus galbula) males fighting, Texas

Markus Varesvuo / Jay (Garrulus glandarius), two fighting in mid-air with another observing. Norway. October.

Markus Varesvuo / Jay (Garrulus glandarius), two fighting in mid-air with another observing. Norway. October.

George Sanker / Arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea), two fighting in mid-air. Machias Seal Island, New Brunswick / Maine, Canada / USA. July.

Eric Baccega / Lioness (Panthera leo), aggressively rebuffing male lion banks of the Luangwa river, South Luangwa National Park, Zambia

Staffan Widstrand / Wild Wonders of China / Pere David's deer / Milu (Elaphurus davidianus), two stags testing their strength in Hubei Tian'ezhou Milu National Nature Reserve, Shishou, Hubei, China

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri), two adults brooding chicks. One chick exhibiting aggression towards other. Atka Bay, Antarctica. September.

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri), two chicks aged six to eight weeks brooding on parents' feet, one vocalising. Atka Bay, Antarctica. September.

Guy Edwardes / Mozambique spitting cobra (Naja mossambica) spitting venom. Kruger, South Africa. Controlled conditions.

Paul Hobson / Parrot snake (Leptophis ahaetulla) in aggressive pose with mouth open. Costa Rica.

Paul Hobson / Red fox (Vulpes vulpes), two cubs play fighting. Sheffield, England, UK. May.

Pal Hermansen / Brown bear (Ursus arctos), two showing aggression at night. Finland. August.

David Perpinan / Group of Griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) fighting to feed on a dead lamb. Cuenca, Spain, August.

Andy Rouse / White-necked Jacobin hummingbirds (Florisuga mellivora) fighting, Tobago Small repro only

Ingo Arndt / Guanaco (Lama guanicoe) males fighting, Torres del Paine National Park, Patagonia, Chile

Kerstin Hinze / Two Black-bellied hamsters (Cricetus cricetus) fighting, Vienna, Austria, October.

Franco Banfi / Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) young male trying to copulate with a female. The calf of the female was in the way so the male is trying to chase it away. Dominica.

Tui De Roy / San Cristobal giant tortoises (Chelonoidis chatamensis), fighting, Galapaguera, San Cristobal Island, Galapagos

Philippe Clement / Two Lynx (Lynx lynx) kittens play fighting in front of den entrance, Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany, October. Captive.

Richard Du Toit / Impala (Aepyceros melampus) males fighting, Mkhuze Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

David Fleetham / Great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) breaking surface with mouth open. Guadalupe Island, Mexico.

Remi Masson / Pair of Pumpkinseeds (Lepomis gibbosus) mating, male chasing other individuals away, River Rhone, Rhone-Alpes, France, June.

Remi Masson / Male Common toads (Bufo bufo) fighting underwater during mating season, with a pair mating Ain, Rhone-Alps, France, March.

Dave Bevan / Slow motion clip of two pairs of Jackdaws (Corvus monedula) squabbling over nest site, Worcestershire, England, UK, May.

Alan Murphy/ BIA / Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) male and Pyrrhuloxia (Cardinalis sinuatus) male fighting, Texas

David Fleetham / Jaws and teeth of Stout Moray (Gymnothorax eurostus). Hawaii.

Sebastian Kennerknecht / African Elephant (Loxodonta africana) bulls fighting, Kruger National Park, South Africa

Sergey Gorshkov / Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) flying with squirrel prey, Finland . March

Sergey Gorshkov / Northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) fighting over squirrel carcass, Finland, March.

Sergey Gorshkov / Black Grouse (Tetrao tetrix) males fighting at lek in the snow, Tver, Russia. April

Mark Raycroft / Elk (Cervus elaphus) bulls fighting, North America

Alan Murphy/ BIA / Great Kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus) and Green Jay (Cyanocorax yncas) fighting, Texas

Alan Murphy/ BIA / Sharp-tailed Grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus) males fighting at lek in snow, Minnesota

Alan Murphy/ BIA / Sharp-tailed Grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus) males fighting at lek in snow, Minnesota

Donald M. Jones / Elk (Cervus elaphus) bulls fighting, western Canada

Five Films / Female Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) defending pup on beach, chasing male away, Horsey, Norfolk, November.

Dave Bevan / Juvenile male Wild boar (Sus scrofa) fighting to establish seniority, Gloucestershire, England, UK, December.

Philippe Clement / Red deer (Cervus elaphus) stags fighting, Scotland, UK, May.

Erlend Haarberg / Mountain hares (Lepus timidus) fighting in snow at night, Vauldalen, Norway. Joint overall winner of the GDT European Wildlife Photographer of the Year 2017. Highly commended in the Wildlife Photo...

Frederique Olivier / Group of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) destroying an egg with a chick inside, Adelie Land, Antarctica, January.

Brian Bevan / Brown hare (Lepus europaeus) boxing, Bedfordshire, England, UK, March.

Dave Bevan / Two male Grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) fighting in surf, with a female and juvenile nearby, Norfolk, England, UK. December.

Francisco Marquez / Two male Iberian wild goats (Capra pyrenaica) fighting, Sierra de Gredos, Spain, November.

Sandesh Kadur / Two Bengal monitors (Varanus bengalensis) fighting, Ranthambore National Park, Rajasthan, India. 2016.

Philippe Clement / Two male Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) fighting on a steep mountain rock face, Gran Paradiso National Park, Graian Alps, Italy, June.

Frederique Olivier / Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarcticus) adding a stick to its nest and fighting with a neighbouring pair, Aitcho Island, South Shetland Islands.

Nick Upton / Rock goby (Gobius paganellus) stealing food from a scavenging Common prawn (Palaemon serratus) in a rockpool, Cornwall, England, UK, September.

Sandesh Kadur / Two male King cobras (Ophiophagus hannah) fighting, Agumbe, Karnartaka, India.

David Pattyn / Black necked grebe (Podiceps nigricollis) pair chasing away another grebe during the courtship season. The Netherlands.April 2014

Ammonite / Male Yellow dung flies (Scathophaga stercoraria) fighting over a female on a cowpat, UK.

Ammonite / Male Yellow dung flies (Scathophaga stercoraria) fighting over a female on a cowpat, UK.

Dietmar Nill / Two European hares (Lepus europaeus) boxing in a snow covered field, Germany, March.

Konrad Wothe / Showreel of Male Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) attacking the alpha male of their troop, Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania.

Ingo Arndt / Blue Crab (Discoplax hirtipes) with claws raised in defensive / aggressive posture, endemic to Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, Australian Territory

Ingo Arndt / Blue Crab (Discoplax hirtipes) with claws raised in defensive / aggressive posture, endemic to Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, Australian Territory

Ingo Arndt / Eastern grey kangaroos sparring {Macropus giganteus} Australia

Ingo Arndt / Two Northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) males fighting for dominance, California, USA

Ingo Arndt / Hamadryas baboon male threat display {Papio hamadryas} Africa

Ingo Arndt / Jackson's chameleons fighting {Chamaeleo jacksonii} Kenya

Ingo Arndt / Gelada baboon {Theropithecus gelada} juveniles playing on rocks, Simien Mountains NP, Ethiopia

Ingo Arndt / Gelada baboon males threat display {Theropithecus gelada} Simien Mt NP, Ethiopia

Ingo Arndt / Gelada baboon male threat display {Theropithecus gelada} Simien Mt NP, Ethiopia

Konrad Wothe / Male Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) attacking the alpha male of their troop, Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania.

Thomas Hinsche/ BIA / Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo) pair fighting, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany

Thomas Hinsche/ BIA / Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo) pair fighting, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany

SCOTLAND: The Big Picture / Gannets (Morus bassanus) diving to feed on discarded fish, Shetland, Scotland, UK, April.