Fabio Liverani / Spectacled salamander (Salamandrina terdigitata) by eggs on stick, Acqua Cheta River, Foreste Casentinesi National Park, Italy

Bert Willaert / Northern spectacled salamander (Salamandrina perspicillata) in habitat, Italy, April.

Bert Willaert / Northern spectacled salamander (Salamandrina perspicillata), Italy, April.

Bert Willaert / Belly of a Northern spectacled salamander (Salamandrina perspicillata) showing warning colouration against white background, Italy, April. Controlled conditions.

Bert Willaert / Northern spectacled salamander (Salamandrina perspicillata) against white background, Italy, April. Controlled conditions.

Fabio Liverani / Two Spectacled salamanders (Salamandrina terdigitata) by twig with eggs on it, Acqua Cheta River, Foreste Casentinesi National Park, Italy

Bruno D'Amicis / Spectacled salamander (Salamandrina terdigitata) adult female on mossy rock. Italian endemic species. Lazio, Italy

Fabio Liverani / Spectacled salamander {Salamandrina terdigitata} Italy

Fabio Liverani / Spectacled salamander {Salamandrina terdigitata} Italy

Fabio Liverani / Spectacled salamander tadpole with front and back legs {Salamandrina terdigitata} Italy

Fabio Liverani / Spectacled salamader (Salamandrina terdigitata) on rock, Bidente delle Celle river, Foreste Casentinesi National Park, Italy

Emanuele Biggi / Northern spectacled salamander (Salamandrina perspicillata) displaying unkenreflex in response to threat, Savignone, Italy.