Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence hunter dragging Ringed seal (Phoca hispida) catch on the pack ice near Point Hope, Alaska, Chukchi Sea, March 2008

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence hunter looking for Ringed seals (Phoca hispida) on pack ice near Point Hope, Alaska, Chukchi Sea, March 2008

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence hunter resting after dragging Ringed seal (Phoca hispida) catch on the pack ice near Point Hope, Alaska, Chukchi Sea, March 2008

Doug Perrine / Traditional subsistence hunters struggle to subdue a harpooned Pacific leatherback sea turtle, (Dermochelys coriacea) a Critically Endangered species, Kei (or Kai) Islands, Moluccas, eastern Indonesia...

Doug Perrine / Leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) is pulled back to the boat after being harpooned by traditional subsistence hunters, Kei ( or Kai ) Islands, Moluccas, eastern Indonesia, Banda Sea, South...

Doug Perrine / Traditional subsistence hunters tie a line around a harpooned Leatherback sea turtle, (Dermochelys coriacea) Kei / Kai Islands, Moluccas, eastern Indonesia, Banda Sea, Southwest Pacific Ocean

Doug Perrine / Leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) restrained by two harpoon lines bleeds after being clubbed over the head by traditional subsistence hunters; Kei ( or Kai ) Islands, Moluccas, eastern Ind...

Ashley Cooper / Inuit summer hunting camp at the mouth of the Sepentine River near Shishmaref, Alaska, USA September 2004

Ashley Cooper / Inuit summer hunting camp at the mouth of the Sepentine River near Shishmaref, Alaska, USA September 2004

Ashley Cooper / Inuit child on the tundra at the mouth of the Sepentine river near Shishmaref, Alaska, USA. September 2004

Gerrit Vyn / Rakhine woman gathering clams by probing holes with her finger. Subsistence hunting pressure is intense on both marine and terrestrial wildlife in the region, Rakhine State, Maynmar, 2012

Bruno D'Amicis / Great white pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) and fisherman near fishery. Bahir Dar, Lake Tana Biosphere Reserve, Ethiopia. December 2013.

Steven Kazlowski,Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whalers butcher a Bowhead Whale (Balaena mysticetus) catch in the village of Kaktovik, Barter Island, North Slope, Alaska

Cyril Ruoso / Baka man hunting, Cameroon

Cyril Ruoso / Baka ceremony is performed before a hunting excursion, Cameroon

Cyril Ruoso / Baka ceremony is performed before a hunting excursion, Cameroon

Cyril Ruoso / Baka boys in forest hunting camp at Mongolu shelter, Cameroon

Cyril Ruoso / Baka man in a forest hunting camp, Cameroon

Cyril Ruoso / Baka man and child in a Mongolu at a forest hunting campsite, Cameroon

Cyril Ruoso / Baka man taking shelter in a Mongolu at a forest hunting camp, Cameroon

Cyril Ruoso / Long-finned Pilot Whale (Globicephala melas) subsistence hunting, 150 harvested, Faroe Islands

Cyril Ruoso / Long-finned Pilot Whale (Globicephala melas) subsistence hunting, 150 harvested, Faroe Islands

Cyril Ruoso / Long-finned Pilot Whale (Globicephala melas) subsistence hunting, two locals haul away tail, Faroe Islands

Cyril Ruoso / Long-finned Pilot Whale (Globicephala melas) subsistence hunting, 150 harvested, Faroe Islands

Cyril Ruoso / Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) group cooked after a night hunt, Nigeria

Cyril Ruoso / Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) group cooked after night hunt, locals eat them as cheap meat killing about 7 million in one season, Nigeria

Steven Kazlowski / Silhouette of Inupiaq subsistence whalers at the edge of an open lead in the pack ice, looking for passing bowhead whales as the mid-day sun follows the horizon. Chukchi Sea, offshore from Barrow, Arc...

Steven Kazlowski / Silhouette of Inupiaq subsistence whalers at the edge of an open lead in the pack ice, looking for passing bowhead whales as the mid-day sun follows the horizon. Chukchi Sea, offshore from Barrow, Arc...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whaler stands on jumbled ice at the edge of an open lead in the pack ice to look for passing bowhead whales, during spring whaling season. Chukchi Sea, offshore from Barrow, Arctic...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whalers try to catch a bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) from their umiak in an open lead in the pack ice. Chukchi Sea, offshore from Barrow, Arctic coast of Alaska, April 2012.

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whalers prepare to pull up a bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) catch along the edge of the open lead in the pack ice. Chukchi Sea, offshore from Barrow, Arctic coast of Alaska, Ap...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whalers break open a hole in the pack ice using a harpoon along the edge of an open lead, during spring whaling season, Chukchi Sea, offshore from Barrow, Arctic coast of Alaska

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whaler stands on jumbled ice at the edge of an open lead in the pack ice to look for passing bowhead whales, during spring whaling season. Chukchi Sea, offshore from Barrow, Arctic...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whalers paddle their umiak, or bearded seal skin boat, to find passing bowhead whales traveling through the open lead, during spring whaling season. Chukchi Sea, offshore from Barr...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whalers bring their umiak - bearded seal skin boat - back onto the edge of an open lead in the pack ice, during spring whaling season. Chukchi Sea, offshore from Barrow, Arctic coa...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whalers in their umiak - bearded seal skin boat - watch a polar bear (Ursus maritimus) sow and cub travel along the edge of the open lead in the pack ice, during spring whaling sea...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whalers paddle their umiak - or bearded seal skin boat - and break thin ice forming in the open lead, allowing for passing bowhead whales during spring whaling season. Chukchi Sea,...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whalers get into their umiak - or bearded seal skin boat - in order to break thin ice forming in the open lead, allowing for passing bowhead whales during spring whaling season. Ch...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whaler at the front of an umiak - or bearded seal skin boat - spots a whale from the edge of an open lead in the pack ice during spring whaling season. Chukchi Sea, offshore from B...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whalers with an umiak - a bearded seal skin boat - wait at the edge of an open lead in the pack ice and look for whales. Chukchi Sea, offshore from Barrow, Arctic coast of Alaska,...

Steven Kazlowski / Young Inupiaq subsistence hunters head out on the Chukchi Sea to hunt Bearded seals, outside the arctic village of Point Lay, Alaska, USA, June 2011

Steven Kazlowski / Young Inupiaq woman processes a Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) caught by subsistence hunters in the Chukchi Sea, in the arctic village of Point Lay, Alaska. The meat and blubber will be eaten and...

Steven Kazlowski / Young Inupiaq woman processes a Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) caught by subsistence hunters in the Chukchi Sea, in the arctic village of Point Lay, Alaska. The meat and blubber will be eaten and...

Steven Kazlowski / Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) large boar scavenging a Bowhead Whale carcass left by Inupiaq subsistence hunters along the Arctic coast of Alaska

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whalers butcher a Bowhead whale, (Balaena mysticetus) catch on the pack ice during spring whaling season, Chukchi Sea, off the coastal village of Barrow, Alaska. May 2009

Steven Kazlowski / Residents from the Inupiaq arctic village of Barrow along with subsistence whalers pull a Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) catch onto the pack ice using a block and tackle pulley system, Chukchi Sea...

Steven Kazlowski / Residents from the Inupiaq arctic village of Barrow along with subsistence whalers pull a Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) catch onto the pack ice using a block and tackle pulley system, Chukchi Sea...

Steven Kazlowski / Residents from the Inupiaq arctic village of Barrow along with subsistence whalers pull a Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) catch onto the pack ice using a block and tackle pulley system, Chukchi Sea...

Steven Kazlowski / Residents from the Inupiaq arctic village of Barrow along with subsistence whalers pull a Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) catch onto the pack ice using a block and tackle pulley system, Chukchi Sea...

Steven Kazlowski / Residents from the Inupiaq arctic village of Barrow along with subsistence whalers pull a Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) catch onto the pack ice using a block and tackle pulley system, Chukchi Sea...

Steven Kazlowski / Flag of an Inupiaq subsistence whaling crew attached to a harpoon in the pack ice, at the site of a Bowhead whale catch during spring whaling season, Chukchi Sea, off shore from the arctic village of...

Steven Kazlowski / Subsistence whaling family from the Inupiaq arctic village of Barrow, pose for a photo after catching a bowhead whale in springtime, on the pack ice over the Chukchi Sea, off the coast of Alaska, USA....

Steven Kazlowski / Male and female King eider ducks (Somateria spectabilis) caught by an Inupiaq / Inuit subsistence hunter on the pack ice during their spring migration, Chukchi Sea, Barrow, Alaska. USA 

Steven Kazlowski / Portrait of Inupiaq / Inuit man standing with his subsistence catch of King eider ducks (Somateria spectabilis) Chukchi Sea, off the coastal village of Barrow, Alaska, USA, May 2009

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq / Inuit subsistence whalers butcher a Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) catch on the pack ice during spring whaling season, Chukchi Sea, off the coastal village of Barrow, Alaska, USA, May 20...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq / Inuit subsistence whalers pulling a Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) catch onto the pack ice using a block and tackle pulley system, Chukchi Sea, off the coastal village of Barrow, Alaska,...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence hunter dragging Ringed seal (Phoca hispida) catch on the pack ice near Point Hope, Alaska, Chukchi Sea, March 2008

Steven Kazlowski / Ringed seal (Phoca hispida) on pack ice caught by Inupiaq subsistence hunter near Point Hope, Alaska, Chukchi Sea, March 2008

Steven Kazlowski / Ringed seal (Phoca hispida) caught by Inupiaq subsistence hunters out on the pack ice, outside the Arctic village of Point Hope, Chukchi Sea, Alaska, April 2008

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence hunter dragging Ringed seal (Phoca hispida) catch on the pack ice near Point Hope, Alaska, Chukchi Sea, March 2008

Steven Kazlowski / An Inupiaq subsistence hunter throwing a hook out to pull in a Ringed seal (Phoca hispida) catch, on the pack ice outside the Arctic village of Point Hope, Chukchi Sea, Alaska, April 2008

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence hunter dragging Ringed seal (Phoca hispida) catch on the pack ice near Point Hope, Alaska, Chukchi Sea, March 2008

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence hunters throwing a hook out to pull in a Ringed seal (Phoca hispida) catch, on the pack ice outside the Arctic village of Point Hope, Chukchi Sea, Alaska, April 2008

Flip Nicklin / Narwhal (Monodon monoceros) harvested by subsistence hunters, Baffin Island, Northwest Territories, Canada

Flip Nicklin / Narwhal (Monodon monoceros) meat hauled by Inuits, Baffin Island, Canada

Flip Nicklin / Narwhal (Monodon monoceros) meat and Inuit hunters, Baffin Island, Canada

Karl Ammann / Hunter using bow and arrow, wearing leopard mask, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo. The masks stimulate alarm calls from primates, helping to pinpoint their location so they can be shot with p...

Karl Ammann / Olive baboon (Papio anubis) killed by hunter for bushmeat, Central Africa. Traditional subsistence hunters take only what meat they can physically carry but modern hunting techniques (guns, snaring) a...

Karl Ammann / White nosed guenon monkeys (Cercopithecus nictitans) hunted for bushmeat, Central Africa. Modern hunting techniques mean that entire troops of primates can be wiped out in a matter of hours.

Karl Ammann / Hunter with two moustached monkeys (Cercopithecus cephus) on bicycle, Central Africa.

Luiz Claudio Marigo / Caiman {Caiman crocodilus} killed for subsistence food, Piagacu Purus Res, Brazil

Luiz Claudio Marigo / Caiman {Caiman crocodilus} killed for subsistence food, Piagacu Purus Res, Brazil

Luiz Claudio Marigo / Caiman {Caiman crocodilus} killed for subsistence food, Mamairaua Ecol. Stn, Brazil

Luiz Claudio Marigo / Caiman {Caiman crocodilus} killed for subsistence food, Mamairaua Ecol. Stn, Brazil

Luiz Claudio Marigo / Caiman {Caiman crocodilus} killed for subsistence food, Mamairaua Ecol. Stn, Brazil

Luiz Claudio Marigo / Caiman {Caiman crocodilus} killed for subsistence food, Mamairaua Ecol. Stn, Brazil

Luiz Claudio Marigo / Caiman {Caiman crocodilus} killed for subsistence food, Piagacu Purus Res, Brazil

Michio Hoshino / Pacific Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) harvested by Inuits, Alaska

Pete Oxford / Mealy Parrot (Amazona farinosa) killed for food with a shotgun while feeding at Kirigueti clay lick, Urubamba River, Peru

Flip Nicklin / Bowhead Whale (Balaena mysticetus) being flensed by Inuits in background while others load muktuk, the skin and outermost layer of skin, onto sleds, Barrow, Alaska

Flip Nicklin / Bowhead Whale (Balaena mysticetus) being flensed by Inuits in the background with muktuk, the skin and outermost layer of skin, displayed on snow, Barrow, Alaska

Cyril Ruoso / Baka tribe member looking for termite larva as food, Cameroon

Cyril Ruoso / Baka tribe hunting camp of Mongolu's, with tribe members, Cameroon

Cyril Ruoso / Baka tribe hunting camp with a tribe member holding a knife, Cameroon

Cyril Ruoso / Baka boy in a forest hunting camp, Cameroon

Cyril Ruoso / Crocodile bush meat for sale at the Bandaka Market, north of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Cyril Ruoso / Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) hunting by night, boy imitates alarm call of the swallows and uses glue made with lemon juice and Llana sap, Nigeria

Cyril Ruoso / Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) hunter making glue from Llana sap for trap, Cross River State, Nigeria

Cyril Ruoso / Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) hunter making glue from Llana sap for trap, Cross River State, Nigeria

Cyril Ruoso / Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) hunting by night, boy imitates alarm call of the swallows and uses glue made with lemon juice and Llana sap, Nigeria

Piotr Naskrecki / Caimans and other animals hunted during one night by a small group of Wai Wai Indians in southern Guyana

Pete Oxford / Domestic Cattle (Bos taurus) bull killed for meat at a hacienda in the Andes Mountains, Ecuador

Flip Nicklin / Bowhead Whale (Balaena mysticetus) harvested baleen, Barrow, Alaska

Michio Hoshino / Inuits in motorboat with harvested Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) carcasses, Alaska

Michio Hoshino / Gwich'in Indians with Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) kill, Alaska

Mitsuhiko Imamori / Agouti (Dasyprocta punctata) killed for food, South America