Stephen Dalton / Winter moth {Operaphtera brumata} camouflaged on tree trunk, UK

Nigel Cattlin / Winter moth (Operophtera brumata) caterpillar and young damaged Apple (Malus domestica) leaf. Caterpillar a serious pest in apple orchards. England, UK.

Nigel Cattlin / Apple (Malus domestica) leaf bud with damage caused by developing Winter moth (Operophtera brumata) caterpillar. England, UK.

Nigel Cattlin / Winter moth (Operophtera brumata) caterpillar on damaged young Rose (Rosa sp) leaf. England, UK.

Nigel Cattlin / Winter moth (Operophtera brumata) feeding on Rose (Rosa sp) flower bud. England, UK.

Ingo Arndt / Winter moths (Operophtera brumata) mating, female with very small wings (flightless), male with normal sized wings, Germany

Ingo Arndt / Winter moths (Operophtera brumata) mating, female with very small wings (flightless), male with normal sized wings, Germany

Ingo Arndt / Common earwig (Forficula auricularia) eating dead male Winter moth (Operophtera brumata), Germany

Ingo Arndt / Female Winter moth (Operophtera brumata), note lack of wings, Germany

Ingo Arndt / Female Winter moth (Operophtera brumata), note lack of wings, Germany

Cyril Ruoso / The Herald moth (Scolioptreryx libatrix) wintering in a cave. Burgundy, France, December.

Jussi Murtosaari / Winter moth (Operophtera brumata) pair mating, the female of this species is almost wingless, Lemland, Ahvenanmaa / Aland Islands Archipelago, Finland. October

Alex Hyde / Large Yellow Underwing moth male (Noctua pronuba) photographed in mobile field studio on a white background. Peak District National Park, Derbyshire, UK. August.

Alex Hyde / Large Yellow Underwing moth female (Noctua pronuba) photographed in mobile field studio on a white background. Peak District National Park, Derbyshire, UK. August.

Jussi Murtosaari / Winter Moth (Operophtera brumata) pair copulating, female wingless, Aland Islands, Finland, October.

Stephen Dalton / Winter Moth (Operophtera brumata), a winter flying moth from Oct - Jan, responsible for defoliating various trees particularly apple. UK, December.

Stephen Dalton / Mottled Umber (Erannis defoliaria) on window sill. UK, December.

Stephen Dalton / Three species of winter-active moths. Mottled Umber (Erannis defoliaria) left, Winter Moth (Operophtera brumata) centre, December Moth (Poecilocampa populi) right. UK. Composite

Piotr Naskrecki / Winter Moth (Operophtera brumata) pair mating, Woburn, Massachusetts

Piotr Naskrecki / Winter Moth (Operophtera brumata) female, Woburn, Massachusetts

Nature Production / Pupa inside Bagworm Moth's cocoon (Eumeta japonica) winter, Japan

Simon Colmer / Caterpillar larva of Winter Moth (Operophtera brumata) on Oak leaf, Sussex, UK, June

Robert Thompson / Mottled umber moth (Erannis defoliaria) on fallen leaves, Belvoir Park Forest, Belfast, County Down, Northern Ireland, UK, February

Dietmar Nill / Herald moth (Scoliopteryx libatrix) hibernating through winter, covered in water droplets, Germany

Ingo Arndt / Winter Moth (Operophtera brumata) killed by another insect, Europe

Ingo Arndt / Winter Moth (Operophtera brumata), Europe

Ingo Arndt / Winter Moth (Operophtera brumata) emerging from pupa, Europe

Nature Production / Emerald moth {Geometra dieckmanni} caterpillar larva (first stage) camouflaged and overwintering on Konara Oak bud {Quercus serrata} Japan

Robert Thompson / Winter moth (Operophtera brumata) Rehaghy Mountain, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, UK, November

Robert Thompson / Winter moth (Operophtera brumata) Moy, County Armagh, Northern Ireland, UK, November

Robert Thompson / Northern winter moth (Operophtera fagata) on tree bark amongst liverwort, Brookeborough, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, UK, November

Kim Taylor / Winter moth (Operophtera brumata) pair mating on wire fence, Surrey, England

Kim Taylor / Winter moth (Operophtera brumata) pair mating, Surrey, England

Jussi Murtosaari / Three Tissue moths (Triphosa dubitata) hibernating in a cave in winter, Heinola, Finland. April.

Orsolya Haarberg / Aerial photograph of aftermath of consecutive outbreaks of Autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata) and Winter moth (Operophtera brumata), whose larvae feed on tree foliage. Sor-Varanger, Finnmark, Norway....

Orsolya Haarberg / Aftermath of consecutive outbreaks of Autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata) and Winter moth (Operophtera brumata), whose larvae feed on tree foliage. Sor-Varanger, Finnmark, Norway. August. Warmer and dr...

Orsolya Haarberg / Aerial photograph of aftermath of consecutive outbreaks of Autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata) and Winter moth (Operophtera brumata), whose larvae feed on tree foliage. Sor-Varanger, Finnmark, Norway....

Orsolya Haarberg / Researcher recording measurements in sampling plot in Downy birch (Betula pubescens) forest damaged or killed by consecutive outbreaks of Autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata) and Winter moth (Operophter...

Orsolya Haarberg / Researcher recording measurements in sampling plot in Downy birch (Betula pubescens) forest damaged or killed by consecutive outbreaks of Autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata) and Winter moth (Operophter...

Orsolya Haarberg / Aerial photograph of aftermath of consecutive outbreaks of Autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata) and Winter moth (Operophtera brumata), whose larvae feed on tree foliage. Sor-Varanger, Finnmark, Norway....

Orsolya Haarberg / Aftermath of consecutive outbreaks of Autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata) and Winter moth (Operophtera brumata), whose larvae feed on tree foliage. Sor-Varanger, Finnmark, Norway. August. Warmer and dr...

Orsolya Haarberg / Northern winter moth (Operophtera fagata). Vaga, Innlandet, Norway. Focus stacked image. non-ex.

Orsolya Haarberg / Winter moth (Operophtera brumata). Vaga, Innlandet, Norway. Focus stacked image. non-ex.

Orsolya Haarberg / Winter moth (Operophtera brumata). Vaga, Innlandet, Norway. Focus stacked image. non-ex.

Neil Aldridge / Wing detail of dead Large yellow underwing moth (Noctua pronuba), one of main prey species of Grey long-eared bat (Plecotus austriacus). September.

Neil Aldridge / Large yellow underwing moth (Noctua pronuba), one of main species hunted by Grey long-eared bat (Plecotus austriacus), taking flight over meadow at night, South West England. September.

Jiri Lochman / Mountain pygmy-possum (Burramys parvus) consuming its staple food Boggong moth (Agrotis infusa) on which it fattens to survive the long alpine winter, Kosciuszko National Park, Australia. Critically e...

Jiri Lochman / Mountain pygmy-possum (Burramys parvus) consuming its staple food Boggong moth (Agrotis infusa) on which it fattens to survive the long alpine winter, Kosciuszko National Park, Australia. Critically e...

Stephen Dalton / Large yellow underwing (Noctua pronuba) Sussex, England, UK.

Andy Sands / Winter moth (Operophtera brumata) female, the female has short stubby wings and is unable to fly, crawling up a tree trunk she excretes a pheromone to attract a mate. Hertfordshire, England, UK. Decem...

Edwin Giesbers / Large yellow underwing moth (Noctua pronuba). De Kaaistoep Nature Reserve, Tilburg, The Netherlands. June. Controlled conditions.

Edwin Giesbers / Large yellow underwing moth (Noctua pronuba). De Kaaistoep Nature Reserve, Tilburg, The Netherlands. June. Controlled conditions.

Edwin Giesbers / Large yellow underwing moth (Noctua pronuba). De Kaaistoep Nature Reserve, Tilburg, The Netherlands. June. Controlled conditions.

Edwin Giesbers / Large yellow underwing moth (Noctua pronuba). De Kaaistoep Nature Reserve, Tilburg, The Netherlands. April. Controlled conditions.

Edwin Giesbers / Large yellow underwing moth (Noctua pronuba). De Kaaistoep Nature Reserve, Tilburg, The Netherlands. April. Controlled conditions.

Nigel Cattlin / Large yellow underwing (Noctua pronuba) adult with wings closed , Devon, England, UK. July.

Andy Sands / Winter Moth (Operaphtera brumata) larva on Bluebell leaf havinng dropped from trees above to pupate, Hertfordshire, England, UK, April - Focus Stacked