Nick Upton / Aphid wasp / sphecid wasp (Pemphredon sp) returning to nest burrow in the dead wood of oak tree base, Gloucestershire, UK, October.

Simon Colmer / Planks on building showing feeding marks of wasps and hornets, which chew the wood to make pulp for their nests. Sussex, UK, May.

Andy Sands / German wasp (Vespula germanica) collecting wood to make pulp for nest building, Hertfordshire, England, UK, August

Andy Sands / German wasp (Vespula germanica) collecting wood to make pulp for nest building, Hertfordshire, England, UK, August

Roland Seitre / European Hornet (Vespa crabro) building 'paper' nest from masticated wood. Tours, France, August.

Roland Seitre / European Hornet (Vespa crabro) making 'paper' nest from masticated wood. Tours, France, August.

Roland Seitre / European Hornets (Vespa crabro) on cells of their 'paper' nest, built from masticated wood. Tours, France, October.

Andy Sands / Sand Wasp (Ammophila sabulosa) resting on wood. West Sussex, England, Uk, August.

Nick Upton / 2020VISION / Common wasp (Vespula vulgaris) worker scraping wood for its nest from plant trellis in a garden, Wiltshire, England, UK, July . Property released.

Alex Hyde / Ruby-tailed / Cuckoo wasp (Chrysis ignita) on wood. Derbyshire, June

Stephen Dalton / Wasp damage. Surface of door has been stripped by wasps for nest construction. UK

Andy Sands / Ichneumon wasp (Rhyssa persuasoria) one of the largest British wasps, using antennae to detect larvae of Wood wasp prey {Urocerus gigas} within cut pine, UK, Captive

Stephen Dalton / Ichneumon wasp (Rhyssa persuasoria) in flight, parasite of the Giant Wood Wasp (Sirex gigas), UK

Stephen Dalton / Ichneumon wasp (Rhyssa persuasoria) parasite of the Giant Wood Wasp (Sirex gigas), UK

Stephen Dalton / Ichneumon wasp (Rhyssa persuasoria) in flight, parasite of the Giant Wood Wasp (Sirex gigas), UK

Stephen Dalton / Parasitic wasp {Rhyssa sp} parasite of the Giant Wood Wasp {Sirex gigas} UK

Wild Wonders of Europe / D'Amicis / Male Ichneumon wasp (Dolichomitus imperator) looking for female on dead wood, Western Tatras, Carpathian Mountains, Slovakia, June 2009

Kim Taylor / Alder wood wasp (Xiphydria camelus) portrait, Surrey, England

Alex Hyde / Hornet {Vespa crabro} queen on dead wood, Nottinghamshire, UK

Alex Hyde / Hornet {Vespa crabro} queen on dead wood, Nottinghamshire, UK

Bengt Lundberg / Wood wasp nest {Vespula sylvestris} Sweden

Duncan Mcewan / Giant woodwasp {Sirex gigas} showing sting, UK

Philippe Clement / Common wasp {Vespula vulgaris} scraping wood for nest, Belgium

Andy Sands / Horntail / Wood wasp {Urocerus gigas} ovipositing / laying eggs into pine log, captive, UK.

Andy Sands / Horntail {Urocerus gigas} at rest on pine log, captive, UK.

Andy Sands / Horntail / Wood wasp {Urocerus gigas} ovipositing / laying eggs into pine log, captive, UK.

Andy Sands / Horntail {Urocerus gigas} on cut pine log, captive, UK.

Kim Taylor / Mason wasp {Symmorphus sp} carries mud ball to form cell in nest in dead wood, UK.

Kim Taylor / Saxony wasp worker collecting wood pulp for nest. Europe.

Kim Taylor / Woodwasp {Urocerus gigas} taking off, UK.

Kim Taylor / Median / French wasp worker collecting wood pulp for nest {Dolichovespula media} Europe

Kim Taylor / Giant Wood wasp (Urocerus gigas) female laying eggs in fallen conifer, Surrey, UK.

Kim Taylor / Ichneumon ovipositing into conifer to parasitise larva of Great Wood Wasp.

Kim Taylor / Giant Wood wasp (Urocerus gigas) female flying, digital composite, Surrey, UK

PREMAPHOTOS / Social wasp scrapes wood off dead tree for nest, Chile {Polistes buyssoni}

PREMAPHOTOS / Giant horntail / Woodwasp (Urocerus gigas) ovipositing / laying egg into larch tree UK

PREMAPHOTOS / Woodwasp aka Giant horntail ovipositing / laying egg (Urocerus gigas) into larch tree, UK

PREMAPHOTOS / Alder woodwasp (Xiphydria camelus) ovipositing / laying eggs under bark of Alder tree UK.

Robert Thompson / Greater horntail / Wood wasp (Urocerus gigas) on pine bark, Tollymore Forest, County Down, Northern Ireland, UK, June

Nick Upton / Home-made insect hotel with a range of Bamboo stems and drilled hole sizes for different species, with many completed nests of Wood-carving leafcutter bees (Megachile ligniseca) and a variety of Potte...

Nick Upton / Wood-carving leafcutter bee (Megachile ligniseca) nest cell with an exit hole chewed out in spring, probably by emerging parasitic Chalcid wasps (Pteromalus sp.), whose larvae develop inside Leafcutte...

Nick Upton / Ruby-tailed cuckoo wasp (Pseudomalus auratus) resting outside insect hotel where its host, Wood borer wasps (Trypoxylon sp.) are nesting, Wiltshire, UK. July.

Nick Upton / German wasp (Vespula germanica) nest surface built from layers of chewed wood fibres. Wiltshire, England, UK. July.