Mark Bowler / Sphinx hawk moth (Hemeroplanes triptolemus) caterpillar, snake mimic species, Amarakaeri Communal Reserve, Maijuna, Rio Napo, Peru

Mark Bowler / Sphinx hawk moth (Hemeroplanes triptolemus) caterpillar, snake mimic species, Amarakaeri Communal Reserve, Maijuna, Rio Napo, Peru

Mark Bowler / Sphinx hawk moth (Hemeroplanes triptolemus) caterpillar, snake mimic species, Amarakaeri Communal Reserve, Maijuna, Rio Napo, Peru

Philippe Clement / Flock of Jackdaws (Corvus monedula) congregating at dusk at communal roost, Belgium, December.

Roger Powell / Three male Ruffs (Philomachus pugnax) preparing to display on the communal lekking ground, Varanger plateau, arctic Norway. June

Roger Powell / Great Bustard (Otis tarda) male in partial display as he walks through the communal lek, Castro Verde, Portugal, April

Bryan and Cherry Alexander / Qaggiq (large communal igloo for feasts) built from ice near Igloolik. Nunavut, Canada, 1999.

Heather Angel / Hornet raiding Wasp brood on nest attached to bamboo stem. Wasps moving to top of nest. Shunan Zhuhai National Park, Sichuan Province, China.

Mark Bowler / Sphinx hawk moth (Hemeroplanes triptolemus) caterpillar, snake mimic species, Amarakaeri Communal Reserve, Maijuna, Rio Napo, Peru

Mark Bowler / Sphinx hawk moth (Hemeroplanes triptolemus) caterpillar, snake mimic species, Amarakaeri Communal Reserve, Maijuna, Rio Napo, Peru

Mark Bowler / Man holding Sphinx hawk moth (Hemeroplanes triptolemus) caterpillar, snake mimic species, Amarakaeri Communal Reserve, Maijuna, Rio Napo, Peru

Mark Bowler / Sphinx hawk moth (Hemeroplanes triptolemus) caterpillar, snake mimic species, Amarakaeri Communal Reserve, Maijuna, Rio Napo, Peru

Mark Bowler / Sphinx hawk moth (Hemeroplanes triptolemus) caterpillar, snake mimic species, Amarakaeri Communal Reserve, Maijuna, Rio Napo, Peru

Mark Bowler / Sphinx hawk moth (Hemeroplanes triptolemus) caterpillar, snake mimic species, Amarakaeri Communal Reserve, Maijuna, Rio Napo, Peru

Emanuele Biggi / Peruvian Tarantula (Pamphobeteus sp.) adult and young emerging from their communal burrow at night, Los Amigos Biological Station, Madre de Dios, Amazonia, Peru.

Emanuele Biggi / Peruvian Tarantula (Pamphobeteus sp.) adult and young emerging from their communal burrow at night, Los Amigos Biological Station, Madre de Dios, Amazonia, Peru.

Emanuele Biggi / Peruvian Tarantula (Pamphobeteus sp.) young emerging from their communal burrow at night, Los Amigos Biological Station, Madre de Dios, Amazonia, Peru.

Ashley Cooper / Houses in Almere with solar PV panels on the roof. It is the Netherlands youngest town, in Flevoland, which was reclaimed from the sea. This planned city is very green, with space heating provided fro...

Ashley Cooper / Sun Island in Almere, which is the Netherlands youngest town, in Flevoland, which was reclaimed from the sea. This planned city is very green, with space heating provided from a nearby combined heat a...

Ashley Cooper / Sun Island in Almere, which is the Netherlands youngest town, in Flevoland, which was reclaimed from the sea. This planned city is very green, with space heating provided from a nearby combined heat a...

Ashley Cooper / White Storks (Ciconia ciconia) nesting on electricity pylons in the Coto Donana in Andalucia, Spain. June 2011

Jabruson / Ouled Rachid tribeswomen gathered to collect water from well, water is drawn from a communal well each day, village of Bon. Zakouma National Park, Chad, 2010.

Philippe Clement / Flock of Jackdaws (Corvus monedula) congregating at dusk at communal roost, Belgium, December.

Philippe Clement / Flock of Jackdaws (Corvus monedula) congregating at dusk at communal roost, Belgium, December.

Ingo Arndt / Peach-faced Lovebird (Agapornis roseicollis) breeding in communal nest of sociable weavers (Philetairus socius) in quiver tree (Aloe dichotoma), Namibia.

Ingo Arndt / Peach-faced Lovebird (Agapornis roseicollis) breeding in communal nest of Sociable weavers (Philetairus socius) in Quiver tree (Aloe dichotoma), Namibia.

Nick Upton / Female Tropical tent-web spider (Cyrtophora citricola) guarding a string of egg sacs within a communal web shrouding a stand of Prickly pear cactus / Barbary fig (Opuntia ficus-indica), Gran Canaria,...

Kim Taylor / Orange acraea butterfly (Acraea serena) communal roost. Gambia, Africa

Daniel Heuclin / Mentawai man, Sikéré, returning to the communal hut with plants for a ritual, Siberut, Sumatra. July 2015.

Daniel Heuclin / Mentawai man, Sikéré, returning to the communal hut with plants for a ritual, Siberut, Sumatra. July 2015.

Daniel Heuclin / Mentawai man, Sikéré, returning to the communal hut with plants for a ritual, Siberut, Sumatra. July 2015.

Daniel Heuclin / Skulls of monkeys hung up in the 'uma' / communal long house, Siberut Island, Sumatra. July 2016.

Daniel Heuclin / Mentawai man making a banister for steps to the uma (communal long house) Siberut Island, Sumatra. July 2016.

Stephen Dalton / House martins (Delichon urbicum) at communal nesting site under house balcony, Extremadura, Spain, April

Pete Oxford / Men sitting around fire in Konyak Naga Morong or communal house. Mon district, Nagaland, North East India, October 2014.

Pete Oxford / Konyak Naga boy pounding rice, in communal house with Buffalo skulls. Mon district, Nagaland, North East India, October 2014.

Pete Oxford / Men gathering outside Konyak Naga 'Morong' or communal house. Mon district. Nagaland, North East India, October 2014.

Juergen Freund / Traditional Fijian communal dance 'meke', combining dancing, singing, chanting, clapping and drum beating, Kavewa Island, Macuata Province, Fiji, South Pacific. August 2013

David Kjaer / Small eggar moth (Eriogaster lanestris) communal web of caterpillars, Dorset, UK, June.

David Kjaer / Small eggar (Eriogaster lanestris) communal web of caterpillars, Dorset, UK, June.

Pete Oxford / Communal spider web, Lekoli River, Odzala-Kokoua National Park, Republic of Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), Africa.

Steve O. Taylor (GHF) / Villagers in the Gola forest drying rice near communal hut. Sierra Leone, 2004-2005.

Steve O. Taylor (GHF) / Communal hut with hammocks, Gola forest, Sierra Leone, 2004-2005.

Sam Hobson / Antillean fruit-eating bats (Brachyphylla cavernarum) at communal cave roost. Soufrière, Saint Lucia.

Sam Hobson / Antillean fruit-eating bats (Brachyphylla cavernarum) at communal cave roost. Soufrière, Saint Lucia.

Sam Hobson / Antillean fruit-eating bats (Brachyphylla cavernarum) at communal cave roost. Soufrière, Saint Lucia.

Thomas Marent / European Spindle (Euonymus europaeus) tree covered by communal web of Spindle Ermine (Yponomeuta cagnagella) caterpillars, Switzerland

Cyril Ruoso / Funnel Weaver Spider (Agelena sp) communal web, Bateke Plateau National Park, Gabon

Juergen Freund / Communal effort from Bowen Surf Lifesaver Club Captain Trevor Armstrong, Sea Turtle Foundation Project Manager Julie Traweek and JCU volunteers bring a big green turtle (Chelonia mydas) to shore for t...

Jabruson / Gula women drawing water from well; these people are Magreb Arab descendants originally from Sudan. Precious water is drawn from a communal well each day by women and children in the village of Bon ne...

Jabruson / Gula boy drawing water from well; these people are Magreb Arab descendants originally from Sudan. Precious water is drawn from a communal well each day by women and children in the village of Bon near...

Jabruson / Gula woman with freshly drawn water from well. These people are Magreb Arab descendants originally from Sudan. Precious water is drawn from a communal well each day by women and children in Kashkasha...

Jabruson / Gula women drawing water from well, they are Magreb Arab descendants originally from Sudan. Precious water is drawn from a communal well each day by women and girls in the village of Bon, Zakouma Nat...

David Shale / Thouarella sp. (Primnoidae), a commensal polychaete. Collected from coral sea mount near Dragon vent field on SW Indian Ridge, Indian Ocean.

David Shale / Thouarella sp. (Primnoidae). Collected from coral sea mount near Dragon vent field on SW Indian Ridge, Indian Ocean.

David Shale / Thouarella (Primnoidae) with commensal polychaete. Collected from coral sea mount near Dragon vent field on SW Indian Ridge, Indian Ocean.

Loic Poidevin / Mass of communal caterpillars, this behaviour tricks predators into thinking the caterpillars are a single, much larger, organism, Madagascar.

Nick Upton / Pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) communal silken nest on branch tip of Turkish pine tree (Pinus brutia), Samos, Greece, August.

Kevin Schafer / Male Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) defending nesting territory on communal nesting ground, Sulawesi, Indonesia, Endangered

Yva Momatiuk & John Eastcott / Pine Processionary Moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) caterpillars in communal tent hanging on bush, Northern Territory, Australia

Yva Momatiuk & John Eastcott / Pine Processionary Moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) caterpillars in communal tent hanging on bush, Northern Territory, Australia

Roger Powell / Two male Ruffs (Philomachus pugnax) displaying to attract a Reeve (female) on the communal lekking ground, Varanger plateau, arctic Norway. June

Roger Powell / Four male Ruffs (Philomachus pugnax) preparing to display on the communal lekking ground Varanger plateau, arctic Norway. June

Roger Powell / Lek of four Ruffs (Philomachus pugnax) displaying to a Reeve (female) on the communal display ground, Varanger plateau, arctic Norway. June

Roger Powell / Three male Ruffs (Philomachus pugnax) displaying on the communal lekking ground, Varanger plateau, arctic Norway. June

Roger Powell / Six male Ruffs (Philomachus pugnax) displaying on the communal lekking ground, Varanger plateau, arctic Norway. June

Roger Powell / Great Bustard (Otis tarda) male in partial display as he walks through the communal lek, Castro Verde, Portugal, April

Roger Powell / Great Bustard (Otis tarda) male in partial display as he walks through the communal lek, Castro Verde, Portugal, April

Roger Powell / Great Bustard (Otis tarda) male in partial display as he walks through the communal lek, Castro Verde, Portugal, April

Roger Powell / Great Bustard (Otis tarda) males in partial display as they walk through communal lek site, Castro Verde, Portugal, April

Bryan and Cherry Alexander / Qaggiq (large communal feasting igloo) built from blocks of ice near Igloolik, Nunavut, Canada, 1999.

Bryan and Cherry Alexander / Qaggiq (large communal feasting igloo) made from blocks of ice at Igloolik. Nunavut, Canada, 1999.

David Tipling / Communal larvae webs of White ermine moth (Spilosoma lubricipeda) on bushes in housing estate, Thetford, Norfolk, UK, May 2009

David Tipling / Communal larvae webs of White ermine moths (Spilosoma lubricipeda) on bushes in housing estate, Thetford, Norfolk, UK, May 2009

David Tipling / Communal larvae webs of White ermine moths (Spilosoma lubricipeda) on bushes in housing estate, Thetford, Norfolk, UK, May 2009

John Cancalosi / Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica / Lithobates sylvaticus) pair in amplexus on communal egg mass, NY, USA

Andy Rouse / Galapagos giant tortoise (Geocheline nigra / Geochelone elephantopus) adults in communal pond, Santa Cruz, Galapagos (non-ex)

Robert Valentic / Yakka skink {Egernia rugosa} large, vulnerable, communal living species, St George, Queensland, Australia

Robert Valentic / Yakka skink {Egernia rugosa} a large communal burrowing species, St George, Queensland, Australia

GEORGETTE DOUWMA / Eastern tent moth (Malacosoma americanum) caterpillars on communal web. Tennessee, USA

GEORGETTE DOUWMA / Eastern tent moth (Malacosoma americanum) caterpillars on communal web. Tennessee, USA

Thomas Marent / Spindle Ermine (Yponomeuta cagnagella) caterpillars in communal web which covers European Spindle (Euonymus europaeus) tree, Switzerland

Thomas Marent / European Spindle (Euonymus europaeus) tree covered by communal web of Spindle Ermine (Yponomeuta cagnagella) caterpillars, Switzerland

Thomas Marent / European Spindle (Euonymus europaeus) tree covered by communal web of Spindle Ermine (Yponomeuta cagnagella) caterpillars, Switzerland

PREMAPHOTOS / Red or small postman butterfly (Heliconius erato) males at their communal roost at night in Amazonian rainforest, Brazil

Duncan Mcewan / Larvae of Small ermine moth {Yponomeuta padella} in communal larval tent, UK

Piotr Naskrecki / Social Spider (Anelosimus eximius) group in communal nest, Guyana

Tony Phelps / Speckled mousebirds {Colius striatus} communal sunbathing, DeHoop NR, Western Cape, South Africa

Suzi Eszterhas / Spotted Hyenas {Crocuta crocuta} 3-5 month old cubs at communal den, Masai Mara Conservancy, Kenya

Suzi Eszterhas / Spotted Hyena {Crocuta crocuta} mother with suckling 3-month cubs at communal den, Masai Mara Conservancy, Kenya

Suzi Eszterhas / Spotted Hyena {Crocuta crocuta} adult females fighting over meat at communal den, Masai Mara Conservancy, Kenya Note- Digitally removed small structure at the top of hill in background

Suzi Eszterhas / Spotted Hyena {Crocuta crocuta} adult females with cubs at communal den at sunset, Masai Mara Conservancy, Kenya Note - Digitally removed small structure at the top of hill in background

Suzi Eszterhas / Spotted Hyena {Crocuta crocuta} adult females with cubs at communal den at sunset, Masai Mara Conservancy, Kenya Note - Digitally removed small structure at the top of hill in background

Suzi Eszterhas / Spotted Hyena {Crocuta crocuta} adult females and cubs at communal den, watching Thomson's gazelles, Masai Mara Conservancy, Kenya

Suzi Eszterhas / Spotted Hyena {Crocuta crocuta} adult females and juvenile fighting over meat at communal den, Masai Mara Conservancy, Kenya

Suzi Eszterhas / Spotted Hyena {Crocuta crocuta} juvenile greeting 1-month cubs at communal den, Masai Mara Conservancy, Kenya