Doug Allan / Emperor penguin males incubating eggs huddle for warmth at -40 degrees centigrade, winter, Antarctica. Green is excrement on snow. {Aptenodytes forsteri}

David Tipling / Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) walking across the sea ice of Weddell Sea, near Snow Hill Island, Antarctica, November

David Tipling / Emperor Penguins on sea ice with Kaptan Klebnikov ice breaker in background, Snow Hill Island, Antarctica, November

David Tipling / Emperor Penguins, (Aptenodytes forsteri), Weddell Sea, Antarctica

David Tipling / Person in purple coat photographing Emperor Penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) at the Dawson-Lambton Glacier, Weddell Sea, Antarctica. No release available.

David Tipling / Emperor Penguins, (Aptenodytes forsteri), young huddling together to form a creche to keep warm, during storm, Dawson Lambton Glacier, Weddell Sea, Antarctica

David Tipling / Toddlers watching Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) swimming underwater at Zoo, UK, May 2008. Model released.

David Tipling / King Penguin, (Aptenodytes patagonicus) standing on beach, St Andrews Bay, South Georgia, January

David Tipling / King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) colony with chicks, Gold Harbour, South Georgia, November

David Tipling / Tourist photographing King Penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) Fortuna Bay, South Georgia, November 2006. No release available.

David Tipling / King Penguin, (Aptenodytes patagonicus), St Andrews Bay, South Georgia, January

David Tipling / King Penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) on beach, Gold Harbour, South Georgia, November

David Tipling / Chinstrap Penguins (Pygoscelis antarcticus) on blue iceberg, Antarctica

David Tipling / Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua) group walking, Sea Lion Island, Falklands, November

David Tipling / Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua) about to enter the sea, Brown Bluff Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, November

David Tipling / King Penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) group huddled together in blizzard, Right Whale Bay, South Georgia, November

David Tipling / King Penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) group huddled together in storm, Right Whale Bay, South Georgia, November

Jeff Vanuga / Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) mating. Cuverville Island, Antarctica.

Ole Jorgen Liodden / Fiordland crested penguin (Eudyptes pachyrhynchus) in foamy waves, Vulnerable species, Westland, New Zealand, November

Mark Carwardine / Kakapo (Strigops habroptila) wild male known as Sirocco walking along the ground, night parrot, Codfish Island, off Stewart Island, southern New Zealand, Critically endangered species

Mark Carwardine / Domestic dog wearing muzzle, trained to track the endangered North Island Kiwi, Trounson Kauri Park, North Island, New Zealand, January 2009

Mark Carwardine / Kakapo (Strigops habroptila) wild male known as Sirocco, night parrot, Codfish Island, off Stewart Island, southern New Zealand, Critically endangered species

Mark Carwardine / Kakapo (Strigops habroptila) wild male known as Sirocco perched in tree, night parrot, Codfish Island, off Stewart Island, southern New Zealand, Critically endangered species

Mark Carwardine / Kakapo (Strigops habroptila) wild male known as Sirocco, night parrot, Codfish Island, off Stewart Island, southern New Zealand, Critically endangered species

Mark Carwardine / Kakapo / Sirocco / Night parrot (Strigops habroptila) wild male. Codfish Island, southern New Zealand, January 2009.

Ole Jorgen Liodden / Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) chick in nesting area, Macquarie Island, Australia. November.

Ole Jorgen Liodden / Royal Penguin (Eudyptes schlegeli) Macquarie Island, Sub-Antarctic Australia. November.

Ole Jorgen Liodden / King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) swimming underwater past kelp, Macquarie Island, Sub-Antarctic Australia. November.

Ole Jorgen Liodden / Royal Penguin (Eudyptes schlegeli) fighting, Macquarie Island, Sub-Antarctic Australia. November.

Ole Jorgen Liodden / Royal Penguins (Eudyptes schlegeli) fighting, Macquarie Island, Sub-Antarctic Australia. November.

Ole Jorgen Liodden / Royal Penguin (Eudyptes schlegeli) swimming underwater near Macquarie Island, Sub-Antarctic, Australia. November.

Ole Jorgen Liodden / Royal Penguin (Eudyptes schlegeli) amongst king penguins, Macquarie Island, Sub-Antactcita, Australia. November.

Ole Jorgen Liodden / Yellow-eyed Penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) endangered specie, Auckland Island, New Zealand. November.

Ole Jorgen Liodden / Snares island penguins (Eudyptes robustus) swimming underwater, Snares Island, New Zealand, vulnerable species. November.

Ole Jorgen Liodden / Snares island penguins (Eudyptes robustus) Snares Island, New Zealand, vulnerable species. November.

Ole Jorgen Liodden / Fiordland crested penguin (Eudyptes pachyrhynchus) riding a foamy wave into the shore. Westland, New Zealand, Vulnerable species. November.

Ole Jorgen Liodden / Fiordland crested penguin (Eudyptes pachyrhynchus) in shallow water. Westland, New Zealand, Vulnerable species. November.

Ole Jorgen Liodden / Fiordland crested penguin (Eudyptes pachyrhynchus) rear view, Westland, New Zealand, Vulnerable species. November.

Graham Eaton / Jackass / African / Blackfooted penguin (Spheniscus demersus) endemic to South Africa, November, playing in the sea, Boulders Beach near Cape Town, South Africa, November

Andy Trowbridge / Yellow-eyed Penguins (Megadyptes antipodes) vocalising with chick. Endangered species. Katiki Point, Moeraki, Otago, New Zealand. January.

Andy Trowbridge / Yellow-eyed Penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) or Hoiho calling. Katiki Point, Moeraki, Otago, South Island, New Zealand. January. Endangered species

Paul D Stewart / Skull of Moa or Dinornis discovered by Mr. Walter Mantell on the North Island of New Zealand. Plate with later tinting, from Gideom Mantell's petrifactions and their teachings (1851) published by Henr...

Paul D Stewart / Great Auk (Pinguinus impennis) from the Rev. Francis Orpen Morris' 'A History of British Birds' by the printer Benjamin Fawcett circa 1853. Morris was instrumental in founding the Royal Society for th...

Ole Jorgen Liodden / Royal Penguin (Eudyptes schlegeli) diving underwater near Macquarie Island, Sub-Antarctica, Australia. Highly commended, GDT competition 2012.

Mary McDonald / Somali ostrich (Struthio camelus) peering beneath itself, Samburu Game Reserve, Kenya, East Africa

Tui De Roy / Galapagos penguins (Spheniscus mandiculus) standing on coastal volcanic rock. Endangered. Isabela Island, Galapagos, Ecuador, June.

Tui De Roy / Flightless Cormorant (Nannopterum / Phalacrocorax harrisi) with nesting material. Banks Bay, Isabela Island, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, December.

Tui De Roy / Flightless Cormorant (Nannopterum / Phalacrocorax harrisi) with chick at nest, made from dead starfish. Banks Bay, Isabela Island, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, December.

Cheryl-Samantha Owen / Black footed penguin (Spheniscus demsersus) chick hatching inside a small incubator at the Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds (SANCCOB) which collects abandoned eggs fro...

Cheryl-Samantha Owen / Black footed penguin (Spheniscus demersus) about to be released at sea near Robben Island in Table Bay, after rehabilitation at Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds (SANCC...

Enrique Lopez-Tapia / Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) caught in fishing nets on the island of Chiloe, Chile

Dave Watts / Southern cassowary (Casuarius casuarius) adult male with chicks, World Heritage National Park rainforest of the Wet Tropics, north Queensland, Australia

Mark Carwardine / Three Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua) standing at the edge of sea ice. Antarctic Peninsula, January. Book plate from Mark Carwardine's Ultimate Wildlife Experiences.

Mark Carwardine / Chinstrap Penguins (Pygoscelis antarcticus) standing on ice. South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, January. Book plate from Mark Carwardine's Ultimate Wildlife Experiences.

Brent Stephenson / Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) with two large chicks. The chicks are begging to be fed by the adult. Petermann Island, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, January.

Brent Stephenson / Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua) porpoising on the way back to the breeding colony. Port Lockroy, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, January.

Mike Read / Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) standing on a sandy beach, Falkland Islands

Mike Read / Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) calling, Falkland Islands

Edwin Giesbers / Male Australian / Southern cassowary (Casuarius casuarius) portrait, captive

Edwin Giesbers / Male Australian / Southern cassowary (Casuarius casuarius) head portrait, captive

Chadden Hunter / King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) chick creche enduring harsh weather, South Georgia. Taken on location for BBC Frozen Planet series, 2008

Chadden Hunter / King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) walk along beach, South Georgia. Taken on location for BBC Frozen Planet series, 2008

Chadden Hunter / King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) chicks in mass breeding colony, St Andrews Bay, South Georgia. Taken on location for BBC Frozen Planet series, 2008

Chadden Hunter / King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) on beach, South Georgia. Taken on location for BBC Frozen Planet series, 2008

Chadden Hunter / King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) heading out to sea, crossing tidal surf to feed in the open seas, South Georgia. Taken on location for BBC Frozen Planet series, 2008

Chadden Hunter / Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) explode out of the water, returning to breed at Cape Washington, Antarctica. Taken on location for BBC Frozen Planet series, 2009

Chadden Hunter / Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) males dive through openings in the sea ice to take their first swim in over 4 months as they have spent the bleak winter incubating their eggs. Cape Washington,...

Chadden Hunter / King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) crossing water to reach breeding site, South Georgia. Taken on location for BBC Frozen Planet series, 2008

Chadden Hunter / King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) crossing water to reach breeding site, South Georgia. Taken on location for BBC Frozen Planet series, 2008

Chadden Hunter / King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) crossing water to reach breeding site, South Georgia. Taken on location for BBC Frozen Planet series, 2008

Konrad Wothe / Southern Cassowary (Casuarius casuarius) female in rainforest, Moresby Range NP, Queensland, Australia, November

Konrad Wothe / Southern Cassowary (Casuarius casuarius) female walking near tourists on beach, Moresby Range NP, Queensland, Australia, November 2010

Konrad Wothe / Southern Cassowary (Casuarius casuarius) female on beach, Moresby Range NP, Queensland, Australia, October

Ole Jorgen Liodden / King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) colony in heavy snow. South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean, November.

Ole Jorgen Liodden / King Penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) at sunrise on the coast of South Georgia Island. Southern Ocean, November.

Ole Jorgen Liodden / King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) walking back to colony on South Georgia Island. Southern Ocean, Antarctic Convergence, November.

Richard Du Toit / Low level view of domestic Ostrich (Struthio camelus), Overberg, Southern Cape, South Africa August

Ole Jorgen Liodden / King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) emerging from the sea to get back to their colony. South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean, November.

Ole Jorgen Liodden / King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) parents calling and performing 'statue' display at colony. South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean, November.

Kathryn Jeffs / Tracks in snow of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) walking from coast to colony, Fish Island, Antarctica, February 2009, Taken on location for BBC Frozen Planet series

Kathryn Jeffs / Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) on ice floe, Antarctica. Taken on location for BBC Frozen Planet series, January 2009

Kathryn Jeffs / Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) on ice floe, Antarctica. Taken on location for BBC Frozen Planet series, January 2009

Anup Shah / Maasai ostrich male and female courting (Struthio camelus massaicus) Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya

Pete Oxford / Galapagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) diving underwater, Bartolome Island, Galapagos, endemic

Pete Oxford / Galapagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) diving underwater, Bartolome Island, Galapagos, endemic.

Kevin Schafer / Southern / Double-wattled cassowary (Casuarius casuarius) wild, chick moving through rainforest, Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, Australia, November

Kevin Schafer / Southern / Double-wattled cassowary (Casuarius casuarius) wild, adult male rear view, neck feathers, Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, Australia, November

Kevin Schafer / Southern / Double-wattled cassowary (Casuarius casuarius) wild, adult male rear view, Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, Australia, November

Kevin Schafer / Southern / Double-wattled cassowary (Casuarius casuarius) wild, adult male with chick in rainforest, Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, Australia, November

Kevin Schafer / Southern / Double-wattled cassowary (Casuarius casuarius) wild, adult male feeding on mushroom from tree trunk, Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, Australia, November

Kevin Schafer / Southern / Double-wattled cassowary (Casuarius casuarius) wild, adult male portrait, Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, Australia, November

Frederique Olivier / Young Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) jumping off ice floes, Antarctica, February 2011.

Jeff Wilson / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) adults and chicks in colony beside ice cliff, Cape Crozier, Antarctica, November 2009. Taken on location for BBC series, Frozen Planet, Spring.

Jeff Wilson / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) two adults in colony, Cape Crozier, Antarctica, November 2009. Taken on location for BBC series, Frozen Planet, Spring.

Ole Jorgen Liodden / King Penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) walking in line in snow storm, South Georgia, November, Specially commended, ANIMALS IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT, 2011 WILDLIFE PHOTOGRAPHER OF THE YEAR COMPETITION an...

Bryan and Cherry Alexander / Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) seen from underneath, using feet as rudders. Living Coasts, Torquay, England, UK.