Nigel Cattlin / Pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus) infestation on Nipplewort (Lapsana communis). Berkshire, England, UK. July.

Adrian Davies / Oak processionary moth (Thaumetopoea processionea) nest removal from infested Oak (Quercus sp) tree with cherry picker. Surrey, England, UK. July 2018.

Tony Wu / Sacculina barnacle infested crab, Tonga, Pacific Ocean.

Alex Hyde / Detail of decaying tree stump infested with blue fungus (Chlorociboria sp.). Magallanes National Reserve, Patagonia, Chile. November.

Ashley Cooper / Maggots on a dead sheep

Tony Wu / Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) entangled in longline fishing gear immobilizing both pectoral fins, and infested with Whale lice (Cyamus boopis) Vava'u, Tonga, Pacific Ocean.

Philippe Clement / Red mason bee (Osmia bicornis / Osmia rufa) infested with Hairy-footed mites (Chaetodactylus) Belgium, April

Cyril Ruoso / Leaf infested by parasites, Barro Colorado Island, Panama

SINCLAIR STAMMERS / Cattle biting louse (Damalinia bovis) on hairs, in temperate climates cattle may be infested with this species of Mallophaga. Length 3mm approximately

SINCLAIR STAMMERS / Cattle biting louse (Damalinia bovis) in temperate climates cattle may be infested with this species of Mallophaga. Length 3mm approximately

Mark Moffett / Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) pupa infested with Honeybee Mite (Varroa destructor), the most devestating pet to honeybees worldwide.

Mark Moffett / Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) infested with Honeybee Mites (Varroa destructor), the most devestating pest to honeybees worldwide.

Mark Moffett / Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) group infested with Honeybee Mites (Varroa destructor), the most devestating pest to honeybees worldwide.

Nick Upton / Large timberworm beetle (Hylecoetus dermestoides) infested with mites, taking off. This beetle is one of the few insects that cultivate fungus gardens. Brandenburg, Germany, May.

Nick Upton / White-tailed Bumblebee (Bombus lucorum) queen infested with parasitic mites (Parasitellus fucorum) feeding on Alexanders (Smyrnium olusatrum) flowerhead. Cornwall, UK, April.

Hanne & Jens Eriksen / Female Northern / Red-necked phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) female feeding on water infested by midges, Iceland, June

Nick Upton / Female Marmalade hoverfly (Episyrphus balteatus) hovering near aphid infested rose bush where it is laying eggs, garden, Wiltshire, UK, spring

Nick Upton / Female Marmalade hoverfly (Episyrphus balteatus) hovering near aphid infested rose bud before laying its eggs there, garden, Wiltshire, UK, spring

Oriol Alamany / Sign prohibiting rat infested ships from landing, St George Island harbour, Pribilof Islands, Alaska, USA

PREMAPHOTOS / White tailed bumble bee (Bombus lucorum) queen infested with phoretic deutonymphs of the mite {Parasitellus fucorum} UK

Adrian Davies / Horse Chestnut tree {Aesculus hippocastanum} leaves infested by Leaf Miner moth (Cameraria ohridella), 2006, UK

Adrian Davies / Horse Chestnut tree {Aesculus hippocastanum} leaves infested by Leaf Miner moth (Cameraria ohridella), 2006, UK

Christian Ziegler / Mantled Howler Monkey (Alouatta palliata) infested with Bot Fly (Alouattamyia baeri) which only host on Howlers, warbles show air hole through which the larvae breathe, Barro Colorado Island, Panama

Piotr Naskrecki / Dung Beetle (Scarabaeidae) infested with Phoretic Mites, Botswana

Philippe Clement / Red fox {Vulpes vulpes} infested with ticks curled up at riverbank, Spain

Kim Taylor / Three spined stickleback male {Gasterosteus aculeatus} infested with tapeworm, UK

Cyril Ruoso / Leaf infested by parasites, Barro Colorado Island, Panama

Nigel Cattlin / Citrus mealybug (Planococcus citri) infestation on the leaves and stem of a bougainvillea (Nyctaginaceae) grown on a conservatory, Berkshire, UK, April.

Bruce Thomson / Common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) family group infested with ectoparasitic batflies (Hippoboscoidea) roosting in cave aven / vertical shaft, Yucatan Peninsula Mexico

David Fleetham / Banded spiny lobster (Panulirus marginatus) infested with goose barnacles (Lepas anatifera), Hawaii.

Doug Perrine / Pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata) with wound from Cookie cutter shark bite, infested with cyamid amphipods or whale lice, South Kona, Hawaii.

Ingo Arndt / Unoccupied or empty Honey bee (Apis mellifera) combs infested by Lesser wax moth (Achroia grisella) larvae which leave behind silk tunnels and frass as they move through and feed on the honeycomb, Ger...

Ingo Arndt / Unoccupied or empty Honey bee (Apis mellifera) combs infested by Lesser wax moth (Achroia grisella) larvae which leave behind silk tunnels and frass as they move through and feed on the honeycomb, Ger...

Ingo Arndt / Honey bee (Apis mellifera) infested with Honey bee mite (Varroa destructor), Germany

Mark Taylor / Red-tailed Mason Bee (Osmia bicolor) female infested with Hairy-Footed Mites (Chaetodactylus krombeini).

Mark Taylor / Red-tailed Mason Bee (Osmia bicolor) female infested with Hairy-Footed Mites (Chaetodactylus krombeini).

Mark Taylor / Red-tailed Mason Bee (Osmia bicolor) female infested with Hairy-Footed Mites (Chaetodactylus krombeini).

Mark Taylor / Red-tailed Mason Bee (Osmia bicolor) infested with female Hairy-Footed Mites (Chaetodactylus krombeini).

Nigel Cattlin / Barley grain weevil (Sitophilus granarius) and severely damaged barley grains from an infested grain store

Nigel Cattlin / Rose aphid (Macrosiphum rosae) infestation on a Rose (Rosa spp), bud, Berkshire, England, UK, June

Nigel Cattlin / Rose aphid (Macrosiphum rosae) infestation on a Rose (Rosa spp), bud, Berkshire, England, UK, June

Nigel Cattlin / Lupin aphid (Macrosiphum albifrons) severe infestation of large greenfly on Tree lupin (Lupinus arboreus) in flower, Berkshire, England, UK, May

Nigel Cattlin / Lupin aphid (Macrosiphum albifrons) severe infestation of large greenfly on Tree lupin (Lupinus arboreus) in flower, Berkshire, England, UK, May

Nigel Cattlin / Lupin aphid (Macrosiphum albifrons) severe infestation of large greenfly on Tree lupin (Lupinus arboreus) in flower, Berkshire, England, UK, May

Nigel Cattlin / Lupin aphid (Macrosiphum albifrons) severe infestation of large greenfly on Tree lupin (Lupinus arboreus) in flower, Berkshire, England, UK, May

Nigel Cattlin / Lupin aphid (Macrosiphum albifrons) severe infestation of large greenfly on Tree lupin (Lupinus arboreus) in flower, Berkshire, England, UK, May