Alex Hyde / Madagascar reed frog {Heterixalus madagascariensis} in front of waterfall, montane rainforest. Andasibe-Mantadia NP, Eastern Madagascar.

Nick Garbutt / Montane rainforest understorey along a stream with dominant Pandanus sp. Vohiparara, Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. (digitally stitched image)

Nick Garbutt / Male Giraffe-necked Weevil (Trachelophorus giraffa) Montane rainforest, Vohiparara, Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.

Nick Garbutt / Sword-billed Hummingbird (Ensifera ensifera). Yanacocha montane forest, Ecuador. May.

Alan Watson / Montane rainforest canopy and clouds at 1,200 metres, Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar January 2009

Tim Laman / Rays of light passing though high montane rainforest on Pico Basile above 2000 m altitude, Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, January 2008

Nick Garbutt / Montane horned frog (Megophrys kobayashii) in leaf litter. Slopes of Mt Kinabalu (around 1400m), Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia

Nick Garbutt / Giant Stag Beetle {Lucanidae} (unknown species) Montane rainforest, Mt Kinabalu, Sabah, Borneo.

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Interior cloud forest, shafts of sunlight shining through canopy break allowing growth of understory plants, Costa Rica

Elio Della Ferrera / Montane purple faced langur {Presbytis senex monticola} dominant male. Sri Lanka. Endemic endangered species.

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Harlequin Frog (Atelopus varius) displaying colorful warning colors, cloud forest, Costa Rica

Pete Oxford / Strawberry Tree Frog (Hyla pantosticta) male on a bromeliad in the cloud forest, Carchi Province, northeastern Ecuador

Gerry Ellis / Mist atop hillsides covered in low montane tropical rainforest inside, Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania

Gerry Ellis / Gombe stream flowing through dense low montane tropical rainforest inside Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Blue-sided Leaf Frog (Agalychnis annae) hanging on leaf, close-up, cloud forest, Costa Rica

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Blue Morpho (Morpho peleides) butterfly flying in cloud forest, Costa Rica

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Violet Sabre-wing (Campylopterus hemileucurus) immature hummingbird feeding and pollinating Coral Tree (Erythrina sp) flowers, cloud forest, Costa Rica

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Green Violet-ear (Colibri thalassinus) hummingbird feeding, pollinating epiphytic orchid flower, cloud forest ecosystem, Costa Rica

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Green Hermit (Phaethornis guy) hummingbird feeding on and pollinating Coral Tree (Erythrina sp) flowers, Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Snowy-bellied Hummingbird (Amazilia edward) male flying near Firebush flowers (Hamelia patens) cloud forest, Costa Rica

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Emerald Toucanet (Aulacorhynchus prasinus) eating Passion Fower (Passiflora sp) fruit at nest cavity, cloud forest, Costa Rica

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Purple-throated Mountain-gem (Lampornis calolaemus) hummingbird female feeding and pollinating flower of epiphytic Heath (Cavendishia melastomoides) cloud forest, Costa Rica

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Green Violet-ear (Colibri thalassinus) hummingbird feeding and pollinating flowers of epiphytic Heath (Cavendishia capitulata), Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica

Gerry Ellis / Mountain stream flowing through montane tropical rainforest at 1200 meters, Mt Bosavi, Papua New Guinea

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Green-crowned Brilliant (Heliodoxa jacula) hummingbird juvenile male feeding at and pollinating Ginger (Costus montanus) flowers, Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Nymphalid Butterfly (Pteronymia sp) of the family Ithomiinae, at flowers of Asteraceae, cloud forest, Costa Rica

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Monarch (Danaus plexippus) butterfly, feeding on Scarlet Milkweed (Asclepias curassavica) in the cloud forest, Costa Rica

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Purple-throated Mountain-gem (Lampornis calolaemus) hummingbird female feeding at and pollinating epiphytic Orchid flowers (Elleanthus sp), Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica

Patricio Robles Gil / Guayalejo River flowing through cloud forest, Tamaulipas, Sierra Madre Oriental, northeast Mexico

Konrad Wothe / Lemur Frog (Phyllomedusa lemur), Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica

Pete Oxford / Leaf detail, Mindo cloud forest, Ecuador

Pete Oxford / Golden Tanager (Tangara arthus) perched in Manu cloud forest, Peru

Pete Oxford / Andean Cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola peruvianus), Manu cloud forest, Peru

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Brilliant trail with hiker, Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Blue Morpho (Morpho peleides) butterfly in cloud forest, Costa Rica

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Nymphalid Butterfly (Pteronymia sp) at Coral Tree (Erythrina sp) flowers, cloud forest, Costa Rica

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Underwood's Long-tongued Bat (Hylonycteris underwoodi) visiting Mucuna flowers, cloud forest, Costa Rica

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Green Violet-ear (Colibri thalassinus) hummingbird feeding at and pollinating flowers of epiphytic Heath (Macleania insignis), Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Violet Sabre-wing (Campylopterus hemileucurus) hummingbird male at Ginger (Costus montanus) flowers, Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Green Violet-ear (Colibri thalassinus) hummingbird feeding on Heath (Cavendishia complectens) flowers, cloud forest, Costa Rica

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Coppery-headed Emerald (Elvira cupreiceps) hummingbird male feeding on and pollinating Shiney Maxillaria (Maxillaria fulgens) in cloud forest, Costa Rica

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Coppery-headed Emerald (Elvira cupreiceps) hummingbird male feeding on and pollinating Shiney Maxillaria (Maxillaria fulgens) in cloud forest, Costa Rica

Gerry Ellis / Crown of emergent rainforest tree covered in epiphytes in montane tropical rainforest, Braulio Carrillo National Park, Costa Rica

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Golden Toad (Bufo periglenes) male, breeding aggregation, extinct, Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Children in the Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Elephant Ears (Xanthosoma robustum) and bamboo in cloud forest, Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica

Mark Moffett / Emerald Toucanet (Aulacorhynchus prasinus), Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica

Ian Lockwood / Shola forest at Pillar Rocks shunted montane tropical rainforest, Western Ghats, Palni Hills, Tamil Nadu India

Doug Wechsler / Sub tropical montane forest at 1,500m. Western. Andes, Ecuador

Anup Shah / Mountain gorilla silverback in montane forest (Gorilla gorilla beringei) Parcs des Volcans NP Rwanda

Jabruson / Mountain gorilla family, mother suckling young + male silverback in background {Gorilla g beringei} Virunga NP, Dem Rep Congo

Hiroya Minakuchi / Pitcher Plant (Nepenthes sp) in cloud forest, Costa Rica

Andy Rouse / Fisheye view of montane rainforest habitat of Mountain gorilla, Virunga Volcanoes NP, Rwanda, Central Africa

Nick Garbutt / Large aerial pitcher of Pitcher Plant (Nepenthes veitchi). Montane mossy heath forest or 'kerangas', southern plateau, Maliau Basin, Sabah's 'Lost World', Borneo.

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Hoary Puffleg (Haplophaedia lugens) hummingbird in cloud forest, Tandayapa Valley, western slope of Andes, Ecuador

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Booted Racket-tail (Ocreatus underwoodii) hummingbird male feeding on nectar of Bomarea (Bomarea multiflora) flower in cloud forest, Tandayapa Valley, western slope of Andes, Ecuador

Michael & Patricia Fogden / White-necked Jacobin (Florisuga mellivora) hummingbird male feeding on nectar of Canna (Canna sp) flower in cloud forest, Tandayapa Valley, western slope of Andes, Ecuador

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Masked Trogon (Trogon personatus) male in cloud forest, Tandayapa Valley, western slope of Andes, Ecuador

Michael & Patricia Fogden / Orange-bellied Trogon (Trogon aurantiiventris) male, Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica

Nick Garbutt / Clumps of a riverine fern (Dipteris lobbiana) growing in and along a blackwater stream (a tributary of the Maliau River), in lower montane rainforest in the the heart of Maliau Basin, Sabah's 'Lost Wo...

Nick Garbutt / Montane mossy heath forest or 'kerangas'. southern plateau, Maliau Basin, Sabah's 'Lost World', Borneo.

Nick Garbutt / Moon rise and cloud formations over mid-altitude montane rainforest. Centre of Maliau Basin, Sabah's 'Lost World', Borneo.

Pete Oxford / Tropical Kingbird (Tyrannus melancholicus) eating fruit in cloud forest on western slope of Andes, Ecuador

Doug Wechsler / A view over temperate zone montane forest in Yanacocha Biological Reserve. Pichincha province, Ecuador, March 2011.

Tim Laman / A fruiting Pandanus (Pandanus sp.) in the understory of the montane rainforest of the Foja Mountains at approximately 1900 m. Foja Mountains, Papua, Indonesia, November, 2008. (taken during Conservati...

Tim Laman / Montane rain forest of the Foja Mountains at approximately 1500 m; palms become more prevalent as the altitude drops. Foja Mountains, Papua, Indonesia, 2008. (taken during Conservation International R...

Tim Laman / Large ferns grow in a opening in the montane forest at approx 1750 m elevation in the Foja Mountains. Foja Mountains, Papua, Indonesia, 2008. (taken during Conservation International Rapid Assessment...

Tim Laman / Dense ferns fill a gully in the montane forest at 1800 m in the Foja Mountains. Foja Mountains, Papua, Indonesia, 2008. (taken during Conservation International Rapid Assessment Program expedition)

Tim Laman / Dense ferns fill a gully in the montane forest at 1800 m in the Foja Mountains. Foja Mountains, Papua, Indonesia, 2008. (taken during Conservation International Rapid Assessment Program expedition)

Tim Laman / Moss covered forest floor. Foja Mountains - upper montane forest at 2050 m. Foja Mountains, Papua, Indonesia, 2008. (taken during Conservation International Rapid Assessment Program expedition)

Tim Laman / Foja Mountains RAP Expedition High Camp at 2000 m elevation in the upper montane forest. Field assistants prepare breakfast. Foja Mountains, Papua, Indonesia, 2008. (taken during Conservation Interna...

Tim Laman / Foja Mountains RAP Expedition High Camp at 2000 m elevation in the upper montane forest. Foja Mountains, Papua, Indonesia, 2008. (taken during Conservation International Rapid Assessment Program exped...

Tim Laman / Interior view of the extremely mossy montane forest at approx 2050 m elevation in the Foja Mountains. Foja Mountains, Papua, Indonesia, 2008. (taken during Conservation International Rapid Assessment...

Tim Laman / Montane rainforest understorey of the Foja Mountains at approximately 1700 m. Foja Mountains, Papua, Indonesia, 2008. (taken during Conservation International Rapid Assessment Program expedition)

Tim Laman / Moss covered branches in the montane rainforest of the Foja Mountains at approximately 1700 m. Foja Mountains, Papua, Indonesia, 2008. (taken during Conservation International Rapid Assessment Program...

Tim Laman / Moss details. Foja Mountains - upper montane forest at 2050 m. Foja Mountains, Papua, Indonesia, 2008. (taken during Conservation International Rapid Assessment Program expedition)

Tim Laman / Foja Mountains RAP Expedition High Camp at 2000 m elevation in the upper montane forest. Foja Mountains, Papua, Indonesia, 2008. (taken during Conservation International Rapid Assessment Program exped...

Kevin Schafer / Montane rainforest at an altitude of 2000 metres. Eastern Andes, Peru.

Kevin Schafer / Montane rainforest at an altitude of 2000 metres. Eastern Andes, Peru.

Kevin Schafer / Fog shrouded canopy in Montane Rainforest, Yungas, eastern Andes, Peru.

Alex Hyde / Sacred waterfall and pool in montane rainforest. Andasibe-Mantadia NP, Eastern Madagascar, October 2009

Alex Hyde / River running through montane rainforest. Andasibe-Mantadia NP, Eastern Madagascar, October 2009

Alex Hyde / Spiny harvestman {Opiliones} on mossy log in montane rainforest. Andasibe-Mantadia NP, Eastern Madagascar.

Nick Garbutt / Glaw's Short-nosed Chameleon (Calumma glawi) in montane rainforest understorey. Vohiparara, Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.

Nick Garbutt / Montane rainforest understorey along a stream with dominant Pandanus sp. Vohiparara, Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. (digitally stitched image)

Nick Garbutt / Male Globe-head Chameleon (Calumma globifer) climbing in montane rainforest near Anjozorobe, central Madagascar.

Nick Garbutt / Namorona Falls, Namorona River, with montane rainforest. Ranomafana National Park, eastern Madagascar. (digitally stitched image)

Tim Laman / Close up of Pitcher Plant (Nepenthes sp.) in the montane rainforest of Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, Malaysia

Tim Laman / Pitcher Plant (Nepenthes sp.) growing on the forest floor in the montane forest at approx. 800 m elevation. Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantank Indonesia, Borneo

Alan Watson / Montane rainforest canopy with tree ferns at 1,100 metres, Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar January 2009

Alan Watson / Tree fern (Cyathea sp.) and Pandanus (Pandanus connatus) beside a stream in montane rainforest at 800 metres, Andasibe Mantadia National Park, Madagascar January 2009

Alan Watson / Tree fern (Cyathea sp.) and Pandanus (Pandanus connatus) beside a stream in montane rainforest at 800 metres, Andasibe Mantadia National Park, Madagascar January 2009

Alan Watson / Tailless tenrec (Tenrec ecaudatus) in montane rainforest at 800 metres, Andasibe Mantadia National Park, Madagascar January 2009

Alan Watson / Tree fern (Cyathea sp.) and Pandanus (Pandanus connatus) beside a stream in montane rainforest at 800 metres, Andasibe Mantadia National Park, Madagascar January 2009

Alan Watson / Tree fern (Cyathea sp.) and Pandanus (Pandanus connatus) beside a stream in montane rainforest at 800 metres, Andasibe Mantadia National Park, Madagascar January 2009

Alan Watson / Cascading waterfall and pool in montane rainforest at 800 metres, Andasibe Mantadia National Park, Madagascar