Nick Garbutt / Flower of locally endemic Rafflesia (Rafflesia tengku-adlinii) flower diameter 22cm blooming on forest floor within lowland Dipterocarp rainforest, Maliau Basin, Sabah's 'Lost World', Borneo

Nick Upton / Ichneumon Wasp (Ichneumonidae) with antenna upright, on leaf. Wiltshire garden, UK, May.

Wild Wonders of Europe / Benvie / Bird's nest orchid (Neottia nidus-avis) in flower, France, Queyras Natural Park, May 2009

Wild Wonders of Europe / Benvie / Broomrape (Cistanche phelypaea) in flower, killing its host Glasswort (Salicornia sp) Huelva, Andalucia, Spain, April 2009

Nick Garbutt / Rafflesia (Rafflesia keithii) flower aged approximately 3 days on rainforest floor. Lower slopes of Mt Kinabalu, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia.

Colin Varndell / Birdsnest orchid (Neottia nidus-avis) in flower, Dorset, UK May.

Kim Taylor / Bird's nest orchid (Neottia nidus-avis) in bud, Appenines, Italy, May.

Paul Harcourt Davies / Thistle broomrape (Orobanche reticulata) a species parasitic upon various thistles and related plants. Preci, Umbria, Italy, June

MYN / Dirk Funhoff / Birds nest orchid (Neottia nidus-avis), Wörth am Rhein, Pfalz, Germany. June. Meetyourneighbours.net project

MYN / Dirk Funhoff / Bird's nest orchid (Neottia nidus-avis), Wörth am Rhein, Pfalz, Germany. June. Meetyourneighbours.net project

Andy Sands / Birds nest orchid (Neottia nidus-avis) flower growing in deep shade under Beech trees, Bedfordshire, England, UK, June

Andy Sands / Birds nest orchid (Neottia nidus-avis) Close up of individual flower, Bedfordshire, Englkand, UK, June, Focus Stacked Image

Doug Wechsler / Poison ivy vine (Toxicodendron radicans) climbing up White oak tree (Quercus) Fort Washington State Park, Pennsylvania, USA October

Mike Read / Bird's nest orchid (Neottia nidus-avis) near the Col du Rousset, Vercors Regional Natural Park, Vercors, France, June.

Nick Upton / Common toothwort (Lathraea squamaria), a parasite of Hazel (Corylus), flowering in woodland, Bath and Northeast Somerset, UK, April.

Nick Upton / Common toothwort (Lathraea squamaria), a parasite of Hazel (Corylus), flowering in woodland, Bath and Northeast Somerset, UK, April.

Nick Upton / Low wide angle view of Lousewort (Pedicularis sylvatica) flowering on boggy moorland ground, partially parasitic on the roots of nearby plants, Bodmin moor, Cornwall, UK, May.

Nick Upton / Lousewort (Pedicularis sylvatica) flowering on boggy moorland ground, partially parasitic on the roots of nearby plants, Bodmin moor, Cornwall, UK, May.

Adrian Davies / Sheep tick (Ixodes ricinus), Surrey, England, April.

Adrian Davies / Sheep tick (Ixodes ricinus), Surrey, England, April.

Adrian Davies / Silk button spangle galls on an English oak (Quercus robur) leaf caused by a gall wasp (Neuroterus numismalis), Surrey, England, UK, September.

Adrian Davies / Knopper galls on English oak (Quercus robur) acorns, Knopper galls are chemically induced distortions caused by gall wasps (Andricus quercuscalicis) laying eggs in the acorn buds, Surrey, England, UK,...

Georgette Douwma / Silk button spangle galls caused by the gall wasp (Neuroterus numisalis) and Common spangle galls caused by another Gall wasp (Neuroterus quercusbaccarumon) on the underside of an English oak leaf (Qu...

Georgette Douwma / Silk button spangle galls caused by the Gall wasp (Neuroterus numisalis) and Common spangle galls caused by another gall wasp (Neuroterus quercusbaccarumon) on the underside of an English oak leaf (Qu...

Georgette Douwma / Close up of Common spangle galls caused by the gall wasp (Neuroterus quercusbaccarum) on the underside of an English oak (Quercus robur) leaf. UK.

Georgette Douwma / Silk button spangle galls caused by the gall wasp Neuroterus numisalis and Common spangle galls caused by the gall wasp Neuroterus quercusbaccarumon on the underside of an English oak leaf (Quercus ro...

Georgette Douwma / Close up of Common spangle galls caused by the gall wasp (Neuroterus quercusbaccarum) on the underside of an English oak (Quercus robur) leaf. UK.

Georgette Douwma / Close up of Common spangle galls caused by the gall wasp (Neuroterus quercusbaccarum) on the underside of an English oak (Quercus robur) leaf. UK.

Georgette Douwma / Silk button spangle galls caused by the Gall wasp (Neuroterus numismalis) and Common spangle galls caused by another (Neuroterus quercusbaccarumon) on the underside of an English oak leaf (Quercus rob...

Georgette Douwma / Silk button spangle galls caused by the gall wasp Neuroterus numisalis on the underside of an English oak leaf (Quercus robur) UK.

Georgette Douwma / Silk button spangle galls caused by the Gall wasp (Neuroterus numisalis) and Common spangle galls caused by another gall wasp (Neuroterus quercusbaccarumon) on the underside of an English oak leaf (Qu...

Georgette Douwma / Silk button spangle galls caused by the gall wasp (Neuroterus numismalis) on the underside of an English oak leaf (Quercus robur) UK.

Georgette Douwma / Close up of Common spangle galls caused by the gall wasp (Neuroterus quercusbaccarum) on the underside of an English oak (Quercus robur) leaf. UK.

Stephen Dalton / Tachinid fly (Alophora hemiptera) parasitic species. Sussex, England, UK, August.

Stephen Dalton / Tachinid fly (Alophora) Sussex, England, UK, August.

Dong Lei / Parasitic flower (Pedicularis sp) growing at high altidude, Shiqu county, Sichuan Province, China, August.

Adrian Davies / Parasitic Wasp (Dolichovespula adulterina) on Broad Leaved Helleborine Orchid (Epipactis helleborine) Surrey, England, UK, August.

MYN / Paul Harcourt Davies / Bellardia (Bellardia trixago) semi-parasitic annual in flower near Ferla, Sicily. May. Meetyourneighbours.net project

MYN / Paul Harcourt Davies / Bellardia (Bellardia trixago) semi-parasitic annual in flower near Ferla, Sicily. May. Meetyourneighbours.net project

Nick Upton / Yellow Broomrape (Cistanche phelypaea) a parasite of Goosefoot plants (Amaranthaceae), flowering on sandy shore at edge of a saltmarsh. Alvor, Algarve, Portugal, June.

Juergen Freund / Rafflesia flower (Rafflesia tuan-mudae) parasite on Tetrastigma vine. Sarawak, Borneo

Juergen Freund / Rafflesia flower (Rafflesia tuan-mudae) parasite on Tetrastigma vine. Sarawak, Borneo

Paul Harcourt Davies / Branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) in flower, near Plakias, Crete, April

Paul Harcourt Davies / Cytinus (Cytinus hypocistus) in flower, a species parasitic on the roots of various Cistus species. Akrotiri, Chania, Crete, April

Paul Harcourt Davies / Cytinus (Cytinus hypocistus) a species parasitic on the roots of various Cistus species. Akrotiri, Chania, Crete, April

Paul Harcourt Davies / Bean Broomrape (Orobanche crenata) in flower, near Plakias, Crete, May

Paul Harcourt Davies / Southern red bartsia (Parentucellia latifolia) in flower, a semi-parasitic on grasses, Gious Kambos, Spili, Crete, April

Will Watson / Stamp puffballs (Lycoperdon pyriforme) on dead Ash branch, Herefordshire, UK October

Will Watson / Oak Bracket (Inonotus dryadeus) fungus on Sessile Oak (Quercus petrea) Herefordshire, UK October

Will Watson / Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) leaves with Leaf minor (Cameraria ohridella) Herefordshire, UK November 2012

Wild Wonders of Europe / Widstrand / Silk vine (Periploca graeca) Letea forest, Strictly protected nature reserve, Danube delta rewilding area, Romania

Chris Mattison / Flower of Hydnora (Hydnora africana) a rare plant parasitic on species of the genus Euphorbia. Cornellskop, Richtersveld, South Africa.

Alex Hyde / Jew's Ear Fungus (Auricularia auricula judae) growing on Elder tree (Sambucus nigra) Peak District National Park, Derbyshire, UK. November.

Alex Hyde / Dodder (Cuscuta sp) parasitising Rosebay Willowherb (Epilobium angustifolium) Gran Paradiso National Park, Aosta Valley, Pennine Alps, Italy. July.

Jabruson / 'Ngoumou' strangler Fig tree (Ficus sp) wrapped around host tree, which it will eventually kill. The latex (Idjoro) is used for killing birds by local people, hunters roll the latex onto sticks which...

Jabruson / 'Ngoumou' strangler Fig tree (Ficus sp) wrapped around host tree, which it will eventually kill. The latex (Idjoro) is used for killing birds by local people, hunters roll the latex onto sticks which...

Jabruson / Fungal fruiting stalks sprouting from rotting plant stems, they establish themselves before the spread of fungal spores back onto the forest floor. Bai Hokou, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Central Afric...

Jabruson / Fungal fruiting stalks sprouting from rotting plant stems, they establish themselves before the spread of fungal spores back onto the forest floor. Bai Hokou, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Central Afric...

Wild Wonders of Europe / Widstrand / Trees dying from bark beetle infestation, North Velebit National Park, Velebit Nature Park, Dalmatian coast, Adriatic sea, Croatia

Wild Wonders of Europe / Widstrand / Trees dying from bark beetle infestation, North Velebit National Park, Velebit Nature Park, Dalmatian coast, Adriatic sea, Croatia

Andy Sands / Ichneumen wasp (Ichneumen sp.) ovipositing into Bulrush head, probable host Bulrush Wainscot moth, East Sussex, England UK, August

Chris Mattison / Bird's nest orchid (Neottia nidus-avis), Bosci di Stilo, Calabria, Italy

Ben Lascelles / Mantled howler monkey (Alouatta palliata aequatorialis) male, Canopy Tower, Soberania National Park, Panama

Ben Lascelles / Mantled howler monkey (Alouatta palliata aequatorialis) male, Canopy Tower, Soberania National Park, Panama

Ben Lascelles / Mantled howler monkey (Alouatta palliata aequatorialis) male, Canopy Tower, Soberania National Park, Panama

Ben Lascelles / Mantled howler monkey (Alouatta palliata aequatorialis) male with extensive botfly (Oestridae) lessions, Canopy Tower, Soberania National Park, Panama

Ben Lascelles / Mantled howler monkey (Alouatta palliata aequatorialis) male with extensive botfly (Oestridae) lessions, Canopy Tower, Soberania National Park, Panama

Ben Lascelles / Mantled howler monkey (Alouatta palliata aequatorialis) male with extensive botfly (Oestridae) lessions, Canopy Tower, Soberania National Park, Panama

Nick Garbutt / Flower of locally endemic Rafflesia (Rafflesia tengku-adlinii) flower diameter 22cm blooming on forest floor within lowland Dipterocarp rainforest, Maliau Basin, Sabah's 'Lost World', Borneo

Nick Garbutt / Flower of locally endemic Rafflesia (Rafflesia tengku-adlinii), flower diameter 22cm, blooming amongst the tangled giant buttress roots of (Shorea sp) on forest floor within lowland Dipterocarp rainfo...

Shibai Xiao / Desert broomrape (Cistanche deserticola) parasitizes root of Saxaul (Haloxylon ammodendron) the former is used for one of rare Chinese medicines, with man in background, Inner Mongolia, China, January...

Adrian Davies / Ivy broomrape (Orobanche hederae) parasitic effect on Ivy, Devon, England, July.

Sandesh Kadur / A fig wasp (Waterstoniella masii) explores the surface of the fruit it just emerged from, Western Ghats, Southern India

MYN / David Hunter / Snow plant (Sarcodes sanguinea) Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, USA, June. meetyourneighbours.net project

Piotr Naskrecki / Parasitic Plant (Helosis cayennensis) obtains nutrients from roots of other plants, Sipaliwini, Surinam

Nick Upton / Parasite fly / Tachinid fly (Prosena siberita) with distinctive long proboscis, resting on Woolly thistle leaf (Cirsium eriophorum), chalk grassland meadow, Wiltshire, UK, July.

Nick Upton / Female Ichneumon wasp (Stilbops ruficornis) inserting its ovipositor into Field scabious (Knautia arvensis) flowerhead to parasitise eggs of the longhorn moth (Nemophora metallica) as a moth of this s...

Tony Phelps / Katnaels root parasite (Hyobanche sanguinea) DeHoop Nature reserve, Western Cape, South Africa

Tony Phelps / Witches broom, root parasite, DeHoop Nature Reserve, Western Cape, South Africa

Tony Phelps / Witches broom, a root parasite DeHoop Nature Reserve, Western Cape, South Africa

MYN / Paul Harcourt Davies / Bird's nest orchid (Neottia nidus-avis) a saprohytic orchid of ancient European woodlands containing little or no chlorophyll, dependent upon mycorrhizal fungi in the tangled bird's nest of roots, Laz...

MYN / Paul Harcourt Davies / Bird's nest orchid (Neottia nidus-avis) a saprohytic orchid of ancient European woodlands containing little or no chlorophyll, dependent upon mycorrhizal fungi in the tangled bird's nest of roots, Laz...

MYN / Paul Harcourt Davies / Bird's nest orchid (Neottia nidus-avis) a saprohytic orchid of ancient European woodlands containing little or no chlorophyll, dependent upon mycorrhizal fungi in the tangled bird's nest of roots, Laz...

MYN / Paul Harcourt Davies / Bird's nest orchid (Neottia nidus-avis) a saprohytic orchid of ancient European woodlands containing little or no chlorophyll, dependent upon mycorrhizal fungi in the tangled bird's nest of roots, Laz...

Simon Colmer / (Vernonia amygdalina) commonly called bitter leaf because of its bitter taste. In the wild, chimpanzees have been observed ingesting leaves to counter parasitic infections. Medicinal plant: used for w...

Simon Colmer / Plant gall (Tetraneura ulmi) on Wych elm (Ulmus glabra) UK

Nick Upton / Ichneumon wasp (Acroricnus sp) feeding on Wild carrot / Queen Anne's lace (Daucus carota) flowers, Lesbos / Lesvos, Greece, June.

Alex Hyde / Bird's Nest Orchid (Neottia nidus-avis) flowering in coniferous woodland. The plant lacks chlorophyll and obtains nutrients from fungal hypae which it parasitises. Nordtirol, Tirol, Austrian Alps, Aus...

Guy Edwardes / 2020VISION / Detail of Greater broomrape (Orobanche rapumgenistae) flower, Coombe Bissett Down, Wiltshire, UK, May

Guy Edwardes / 2020VISION / Greater broomrape (Orobanche rapum genistae), Coombe Bissett Down, Wiltshire, UK, May

Guy Edwardes / 2020VISION / Greater broomrape (Orobanche rapumgenistae), Coombe Bissett Down, Wiltshire, UK, May

Guy Edwardes / 2020VISION / Greater broomrape (Orobanche rapumgenistae), Coombe Bissett Down, Wiltshire, UK, May

Guy Edwardes / 2020VISION / Greater broomrape (Orobanche rapumgenistae), Coombe Bissett Down, Wiltshire, UK, May

Adrian Davies / Bird's Nest Orchid (Neottia nidus-avis), a non-photosynthetic plant. Surrey, England, May.

Robert Thompson / Bird's Nest Orchid (Neottia nidus-avis) in flower. This species is non-photosynthetic and gains nutrients from other plants' roots and from symbiotic relationships with fungi. North of Plitvice Nation...

Robert Thompson / Bird's Nest Orchid (Neottia nidus-avis) in flower. This species is non-photosynthetic and gains nutrients from other plants' roots and from symbiotic relationships with fungi. North of Plitvice Nation...