Andy Rouse / Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) portrait in sea-ice landscape. Wide angle / fish-eye shot. Svalbard, Norway, September.

Steven Kazlowski / Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) on sea ice, off the coast of Svalbard, Norway

Danny Green / Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) walking across sea ice, reflected in water. Svalbard, Norway, July.

Danny Green / Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) and cubs, standing on sea ice. Svalbard, Norway, July.

Danny Green / Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) and cubs resting on sea ice. Svalbard, Norway, July.

Danny Green / Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) female and cubs, one cub walking up slope of ice in foreground. Svalbard, Norway, July.

Danny Green / Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) and cubs feeding on Whale carcass, on iceberg. Svalbard, Norway, July 2018.

Danny Green / Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) resting on sea ice, view from above. Svalbard, Norway, June 2018.

Danny Green / Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) hunting Seal on sea ice. Svalbard, Norway, July 2018.

Danny Green / Polar bear (Ursus maritimus), two cubs playing, leaping across sea ice, reflected in water. Svalbard, Norway, July.

Danny Green / Polar bear (Ursus maritimus), two cubs walking on sea ice. Svalbard, Norway, July.

Danny Green / Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) cub ready to jump down from pack ice. Svalbard, Norway, April.

Danny Green / Ringed seal (Pusa hispida) resting on ice, reflected in water. Svalbard, Norway. July.

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) breeding colony, males huddling on sea ice during polar night, incubating eggs, ice shelf in background. Atka Bay, Antarctica. July 2017.

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) colony huddled during polar night, males incubating eggs. Atka Bay, Antarctica. July 2017.

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) pair with recently laid egg, on sea ice. Atka Bay, Antarctica. May.

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) colony huddling, males incubating eggs, on sea ice under full moon in polar night. Atka Bay, Antarctica. July 2017.

Stefan Christmann / Member of BBC Dynasties crew photographing on sea ice in light of full moon, during polar night. Atka Bay, Antarctica. July 2017.

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) egg shell on sea ice. Atka Bay, Antarctica. August.

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri), four journeying across sea ice to feed young. Atka Bay, Antarctica. August.

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) preparing to jump over crack in sea ice. Atka Bay, Antarctica. August.

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) breeding colony on sea ice, ice shelf in background. Atka Bay, Antarctica. August.

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) footprints on sea ice. Atka Bay, Antarctica. August.

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) breeding colony, mainly males brooding eggs, huddled together on sea ice. Atka Bay, Antarctica. June.

Stefan Christmann / Sea ice, during polar night. Atka Bay, Antarctica. July 2017.

Stefan Christmann / Sea ice and iceberg during polar night. Atka Bay, Antarctica. July 2017.

Stefan Christmann / Moon bow, a halo around the moon during polar night. Sastrugi on sea ice in foreground. Atka Bay, Antarctica. June.

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) pair in courtship, on sea ice. Atka Bay, Antarctica. May.

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) on sea ice at sunrise. Atka Bay, Antarctica. May 2017.

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) pair mating on sea ice. Atka Bay, Antarctica. May.

Stefan Christmann / Moon rising over sea ice during polar night. Atka Bay, Antarctica. June 2017.

Stefan Christmann / Cameraman Lindsay McCrae on ice overlooking Southern Ocean, filming for BBC Dynasties Penguin programme. Atka Bay, Antarctica. March 2017.

Stefan Christmann / Cameraman Lindsay McCrae on sea ice filming frozen landscape and icebergfor BBC Dynasties Penguin programme. Atka Bay, Antarctica. October 2017.

Stefan Christmann / Cameraman Lindsay McCrae filming Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) colony for BBC Dynasties Penguin programme. Chicks are on sea ice whilst parents fish at sea. Atka Bay, Antarctica. December 201...

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) group sliding over sea ice, returning to form breeding colony. Iceberg in background. Atka Bay, Antarctica. April 2017.

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) walking across crack in sea ice during return to breeding colony. Atka Bay, Antarctica. April.

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) group sliding across sea ice to form breeding colony. Atka Bay, Antarctica. April 2017.

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) sliding across sea ice in journey to breeding colony. Sastrugi in ice formed by wind erosion. Atka Bay, Antarctica. April.

Stefan Christmann / Orca (Orcinus orca), two spyhopping in gap in sea ice. Atka Bay, Antarctica. January.

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri), four chicks in moult aged 20-24 weeks, parents away fishing in open water. Atka Bay, Antarctica. January.

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) breeding colony, adults brooding chicks. Atka Bay, Antarctica. September 2017.

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri), breeding colony with individuals in foreground walking to / from open water. Atka Bay, Antarctica. September 2017.

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri), three in a row, walking through drifting snow to feed young. Atka Bay, Antarctica. September.

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) adult brooding chick with two additional chicks seeking protection while parents are at sea. Atka Bay, Antarctica. September.

Stefan Christmann / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) group in procession across ice shelf to provide food for young. Atka Bay, Antarctica. September 2017.

Sven Zacek / Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) sunbathing on iceberg broken off from glacier. Kongsfjorden fjord, Spitsbergen, Norway. June 2014.

Franco Banfi / Diver exploring an iceberg in Greenland Sea. Tasiilaq, East Greenland. April 2018.

Franco Banfi / Sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) and Sea anemones (Actiniaria) on rock near iceberg. Tasiilaq, East Greenland. April.

Franco Banfi / Sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) near iceberg, view upwards to gap in sea ice. Tasiilaq, East Greenland. April.

Franco Banfi / Diver exploring around an iceberg. Tasiilaq, East Greenland. April, 2018. Ocean Photographer of the Year 2023 - Third place Adventure category.

Danny Green / Sea otter (Enhydra lutris) resting on sea ice, Alaska, USA, June

Danny Green / Sea otter (Enhydra lutris) resting amongst sea ice, Alaska, USA, June

Danny Green / Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) resting on ice, Alaska, USA, June

John Chan / Honey bee (Apis mellifera) gathering pollen from a Sea fig (Carpobrotus chilensis), Southern California, USA, April.

Andy Rouse / Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) standing on pack ice at the water's edge, Svalbard, Norway. June.

Frederique Olivier / Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) swimming underneath sea ice, Antarctica.

Frederique Olivier / Wide-angle shot of a group of Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) chicks walking on sea ice, Adelie Land, Antarctica, January.

Frederique Olivier / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) chick begging for food from parent, Adelie Land, Antarctica, January.

Frederique Olivier / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) walking with chick, Adelie Land, Antarctica, January.

Frederique Olivier / Close-up of a group of Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) chicks huddled together in a blizzard, covered in snow, Adelie Land, Antarctica, January.

Frederique Olivier / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) chicks huddled together during a blizzard, Adelie Land, Antarctica, January.

Frederique Olivier / Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) walking in blizzard, Adelie Land, Antarctica, January.

Frederique Olivier / Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) walking and tobogganing in blizzard, Adelie Land, Antarctica, January.

Frederique Olivier / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) chicks calling, with another small chick arriving and falling over, Adelie Land, Antarctica, January.

Frederique Olivier / Group of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) swimming in a tide crack, lots jump out, Adelie Land, Antarctica, January.

Frederique Olivier / Wide angle shot of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) walking on sea ice, Adelie Land, Antarctica, January.

Frederique Olivier / Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) walking in front of a blue iceberg, Adelie Land, Antarctica, January.

Peter Bassett / King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) walking towards and entering the sea near their breeding colony, Salisbury Plain, South Georgia.

Roy Mangersnes / Juvenile female Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) hunting for seals at breathing holes in the ice, Svalbard, Norway, March.

Frederique Olivier / Tracking shot from a boat of pancake ice forming, Antarctica.

Steven Kazlowski / Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) mother with two juveniles walking along ice edge during autumn freeze up, Beaufort Sea, off Arctic coast, Alaska

Frederique Olivier / View of icebergs and pack ice at sunset, seen from a moving boat, Antarctica.

Frederique Olivier / Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) tobogganing on an iceberg at sunset and diving from the edge, seen from a moving boat, Antarctica.

Frederique Olivier / Group of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) diving from the edge of the sea ice, Antarctica.

Frederique Olivier / Group of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) walking away from the camera on sea ice at sunset, with one solitary penguin in the foreground, Antarctica.

Frederique Olivier / Group of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) running and gathered on sea ice, Antarctica.

Frederique Olivier / Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) colony, with icebergs and pack ice in the background, Antarctica.

Ingo Arndt / Harp seal (Phoca groenlandicus) pup on sea ice looking down into icy water, Magdalen Islands, Gulf of St Lawrence, Quebec, Canada, March.

Ingo Arndt / Harp seal (Phoca groenlandicus) pup sleeping on sea ice, Magdalen Islands, Gulf of St Lawrence, Quebec, Canada, March.

Ingo Arndt / Waves crashing against ice cliffs of iceberg off the southern tip of South Georgia Island in wind storm, Southern Ocean, Antarctic Convergence, November 2008

Ingo Arndt / Shadow from icebreaker research ship, Polarstern, on ice floe. Weddell Sea, Antarctica

Ingo Arndt / "CTD" (instrument for collecting water samples from all water depths) at work 50 km from the ice floe base. ISPOL (ICE Station Polarstern) Expedition 2004/2005 from Alfred Wegener Institute; Bremerhav...

Ingo Arndt / Researcher Gerhard Dieckmann checking samples from sediment trap. ISPOL (ICE Station Polarstern) Expedition 2004/2005 from Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany. The Icebreaker Polarstern was...

Ingo Arndt / Crack in ice floe in front of icebreaker ship Polarstern. ISPOL (ICE Station Polarstern) Expedition 2004/2005 from Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany. The Icebreaker Polarstern was driftin...

Ingo Arndt / Graphic from "ice thickness profile" of the (ISPOL) ice floe. ISPOL (ICE Station Polarstern) Expedition 2004/2005 from Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany. The Icebreaker Polarstern was dri...

Ingo Arndt / Samples from sediment trap. ISPOL (ICE Station Polarstern) Expedition 2004/2005 from Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany. The Icebreaker Polarstern was drifting for five weeks with an ice f...

Ingo Arndt / Researcher Hauke Flores watching for birds and seals from the top of Icebreaker Polarstern. ISPOL (ICE Station Polarstern) Expedition 2004/2005 from Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany. The...

Ingo Arndt / Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) Weddell Sea, Antarctica

Ingo Arndt / Research icebreaker ship, Polarstern, breaking through ice, Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Editorial use only.

Ingo Arndt / Iceberg, Weddell Sea, Antarctica

Ingo Arndt / Research icebreaker ship, Polarstern, moored on ice floe, Weddell Sea, Antarctica (Editorial use only)

Ingo Arndt / Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) toboganing on ice, Weddell Sea, Antarctica

Ingo Arndt / Coastal edge of Perito Moreno glacier, Patagonia, Argentina 2002

Danny Green / Three Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) resting on ice, Alaska, June

Eric Baccega / Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) feeding on a Narwhal (Monodon monoceros), Arctic Bay, Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada, June.

Eric Baccega / Female Harp seal (Phoca groenlandicus) surfacing at breathing hole looking at her pup, Magdalen Islands, Gulf of St Lawrence, Quebec, Canada, March.