David Woodfall / Young woman fishing for shrimp fry, looking in net to see the catch, Ganges Delta, Bangladesh, November 2008

David Woodfall / Large numbers of children fishing for shrimp fry on coastal margin land damaged by typhoon Sidr in November 2007, Sundarbans, Bangladesh, October 2008

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence hunter dragging Ringed seal (Phoca hispida) catch on the pack ice near Point Hope, Alaska, Chukchi Sea, March 2008

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence hunter looking for Ringed seals (Phoca hispida) on pack ice near Point Hope, Alaska, Chukchi Sea, March 2008

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence hunter resting after dragging Ringed seal (Phoca hispida) catch on the pack ice near Point Hope, Alaska, Chukchi Sea, March 2008

Jabruson / Children helping parents to collect charcoal, Kinigi, Parc des Volcans NP, Rwanda

Jabruson / Deforestation of national park for subsistence agriculture, Parc des Volcans National Park, Rwanda

Steven Kazlowski / Man wearing traditional polar bearskin gloves stands on pack ice over the Chukchi Sea. Offshore from Barrow, Arctic coast of Alaska, spring, May 2012.

Steven Kazlowski / Silhouette of Inupiaq subsistence whalers at the edge of an open lead in the pack ice, looking for passing bowhead whales as the mid-day sun follows the horizon. Chukchi Sea, offshore from Barrow, Arc...

Steven Kazlowski / Silhouette of Inupiaq subsistence whalers at the edge of an open lead in the pack ice, looking for passing bowhead whales as the mid-day sun follows the horizon. Chukchi Sea, offshore from Barrow, Arc...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whaler stands on jumbled ice at the edge of an open lead in the pack ice to look for passing bowhead whales, during spring whaling season. Chukchi Sea, offshore from Barrow, Arctic...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whalers try to catch a bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) from their umiak in an open lead in the pack ice. Chukchi Sea, offshore from Barrow, Arctic coast of Alaska, April 2012.

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whalers prepare to pull up a bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) catch along the edge of the open lead in the pack ice. Chukchi Sea, offshore from Barrow, Arctic coast of Alaska, Ap...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whalers break open a hole in the pack ice using a harpoon along the edge of an open lead, during spring whaling season, Chukchi Sea, offshore from Barrow, Arctic coast of Alaska

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whaler stands on jumbled ice at the edge of an open lead in the pack ice to look for passing bowhead whales, during spring whaling season. Chukchi Sea, offshore from Barrow, Arctic...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whalers paddle their umiak, or bearded seal skin boat, to find passing bowhead whales traveling through the open lead, during spring whaling season. Chukchi Sea, offshore from Barr...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whalers bring their umiak - bearded seal skin boat - back onto the edge of an open lead in the pack ice, during spring whaling season. Chukchi Sea, offshore from Barrow, Arctic coa...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whalers in their umiak - bearded seal skin boat - watch a polar bear (Ursus maritimus) sow and cub travel along the edge of the open lead in the pack ice, during spring whaling sea...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whalers paddle their umiak - or bearded seal skin boat - and break thin ice forming in the open lead, allowing for passing bowhead whales during spring whaling season. Chukchi Sea,...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whalers get into their umiak - or bearded seal skin boat - in order to break thin ice forming in the open lead, allowing for passing bowhead whales during spring whaling season. Ch...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whaler at the front of an umiak - or bearded seal skin boat - spots a whale from the edge of an open lead in the pack ice during spring whaling season. Chukchi Sea, offshore from B...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whalers with an umiak - a bearded seal skin boat - wait at the edge of an open lead in the pack ice and look for whales. Chukchi Sea, offshore from Barrow, Arctic coast of Alaska,...

Will Watson / Clearance of coastal rainforest for subsistence agriculture, Manabi Province, Ecuador. February 2012.

Steven Kazlowski / Young Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) standing on top of a dead Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) left by Inupiaq subsistence whalers, Barter Island, off the 1002 area of the Arctic National Wildlife Re...

Steven Kazlowski / Young Inupiaq subsistence hunters head out on the Chukchi Sea to hunt Bearded seals, outside the arctic village of Point Lay, Alaska, USA, June 2011

Steven Kazlowski / Pieces of Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) blubber from an adult seal caught by subsistence hunters in the Chukchi Sea, Point Lay, Alaska, USA, June

Steven Kazlowski / Young Inupiaq woman processes a Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) caught by subsistence hunters in the Chukchi Sea, in the arctic village of Point Lay, Alaska. The meat and blubber will be eaten and...

Steven Kazlowski / Young Inupiaq woman processes a Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) caught by subsistence hunters in the Chukchi Sea, in the arctic village of Point Lay, Alaska. The meat and blubber will be eaten and...

Juergen Freund / Bucket of fish, crustaceans and molluscs gleaned from the sea at low tide using only a net and basket by local woman, Sulawesi, Indonesia, November 2011.

Richard Du Toit / Fish traps, Kosi Bay, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa

Steven Kazlowski / Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) large boar scavenging a Bowhead Whale carcass left by Inupiaq subsistence hunters along the Arctic coast of Alaska

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whalers butcher a Bowhead whale, (Balaena mysticetus) catch on the pack ice during spring whaling season, Chukchi Sea, off the coastal village of Barrow, Alaska. May 2009

Steven Kazlowski / Residents from the Inupiaq arctic village of Barrow along with subsistence whalers pull a Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) catch onto the pack ice using a block and tackle pulley system, Chukchi Sea...

Steven Kazlowski / Residents from the Inupiaq arctic village of Barrow along with subsistence whalers pull a Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) catch onto the pack ice using a block and tackle pulley system, Chukchi Sea...

Steven Kazlowski / Residents from the Inupiaq arctic village of Barrow along with subsistence whalers pull a Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) catch onto the pack ice using a block and tackle pulley system, Chukchi Sea...

Steven Kazlowski / Residents from the Inupiaq arctic village of Barrow along with subsistence whalers pull a Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) catch onto the pack ice using a block and tackle pulley system, Chukchi Sea...

Steven Kazlowski / Residents from the Inupiaq arctic village of Barrow along with subsistence whalers pull a Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) catch onto the pack ice using a block and tackle pulley system, Chukchi Sea...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence whalers travel by skiff boat through an open lead in the pack ice during spring whaling season, Chukchi Sea, off the coastal village of Barrow, Alaska, USA. May 2009

Steven Kazlowski / Flag of an Inupiaq subsistence whaling crew attached to a harpoon in the pack ice, at the site of a Bowhead whale catch during spring whaling season, Chukchi Sea, off shore from the arctic village of...

Steven Kazlowski / Subsistence whaling family from the Inupiaq arctic village of Barrow, pose for a photo after catching a bowhead whale in springtime, on the pack ice over the Chukchi Sea, off the coast of Alaska, USA....

Steven Kazlowski / Male and female King eider ducks (Somateria spectabilis) caught by an Inupiaq / Inuit subsistence hunter on the pack ice during their spring migration, Chukchi Sea, Barrow, Alaska. USA 

Steven Kazlowski / Portrait of Inupiaq / Inuit man standing with his subsistence catch of King eider ducks (Somateria spectabilis) Chukchi Sea, off the coastal village of Barrow, Alaska, USA, May 2009

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq / Inuit subsistence whalers butcher a Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) catch on the pack ice during spring whaling season, Chukchi Sea, off the coastal village of Barrow, Alaska, USA, May 20...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq / Inuit subsistence whalers pulling a Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) catch onto the pack ice using a block and tackle pulley system, Chukchi Sea, off the coastal village of Barrow, Alaska,...

Steven Kazlowski / Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) with female and cub in background, congregate on newly formed pack ice where a Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) carcass has been left by Inupiaq subsistence whalers, 10...

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence hunter dragging Ringed seal (Phoca hispida) catch on the pack ice near Point Hope, Alaska, Chukchi Sea, March 2008

Steven Kazlowski / Ringed seal (Phoca hispida) on pack ice caught by Inupiaq subsistence hunter near Point Hope, Alaska, Chukchi Sea, March 2008

Steven Kazlowski / Ringed seal (Phoca hispida) caught by Inupiaq subsistence hunters out on the pack ice, outside the Arctic village of Point Hope, Chukchi Sea, Alaska, April 2008

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence hunter dragging Ringed seal (Phoca hispida) catch on the pack ice near Point Hope, Alaska, Chukchi Sea, March 2008

Steven Kazlowski / An Inupiaq subsistence hunter throwing a hook out to pull in a Ringed seal (Phoca hispida) catch, on the pack ice outside the Arctic village of Point Hope, Chukchi Sea, Alaska, April 2008

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence hunter dragging Ringed seal (Phoca hispida) catch on the pack ice near Point Hope, Alaska, Chukchi Sea, March 2008

Steven Kazlowski / Inupiaq subsistence hunters throwing a hook out to pull in a Ringed seal (Phoca hispida) catch, on the pack ice outside the Arctic village of Point Hope, Chukchi Sea, Alaska, April 2008

Warwick Sloss / Subsistence farmer on small exposed area of land in Ganges-Brahmaputra delta used for cultivating rice crop, Bangladesh

Flip Nicklin / Narwhal (Monodon monoceros) harvested by subsistence hunters, Baffin Island, Northwest Territories, Canada

Flip Nicklin / Narwhal (Monodon monoceros) meat hauled by Inuits, Baffin Island, Canada

Flip Nicklin / Narwhal (Monodon monoceros) meat and Inuit hunters, Baffin Island, Canada

Richard Du Toit / Fishing nets and boats, Karungo, Lake Victoria, Kenya

David Pike / Subsistence farming on the slopes of plateau, Simien Mountains NP, Ethiopia

Karl Ammann / Hunter using bow and arrow, wearing leopard mask, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo. The masks stimulate alarm calls from primates, helping to pinpoint their location so they can be shot with p...

Karl Ammann / Olive baboon (Papio anubis) killed by hunter for bushmeat, Central Africa. Traditional subsistence hunters take only what meat they can physically carry but modern hunting techniques (guns, snaring) a...

Karl Ammann / White nosed guenon monkeys (Cercopithecus nictitans) hunted for bushmeat, Central Africa. Modern hunting techniques mean that entire troops of primates can be wiped out in a matter of hours.

Karl Ammann / Hunter with two moustached monkeys (Cercopithecus cephus) on bicycle, Central Africa.

Luiz Claudio Marigo / Caiman {Caiman crocodilus} killed for subsistence food, Piagacu Purus Res, Brazil

Luiz Claudio Marigo / Caiman {Caiman crocodilus} killed for subsistence food, Piagacu Purus Res, Brazil

Luiz Claudio Marigo / Caiman {Caiman crocodilus} killed for subsistence food, Mamairaua Ecol. Stn, Brazil

Luiz Claudio Marigo / Caiman {Caiman crocodilus} killed for subsistence food, Mamairaua Ecol. Stn, Brazil

Luiz Claudio Marigo / Caiman {Caiman crocodilus} killed for subsistence food, Mamairaua Ecol. Stn, Brazil

Luiz Claudio Marigo / Preparing Tambaqui fish for eating, Mamiraua Ecol. Stn, Amazonas, Brazil

Luiz Claudio Marigo / Caiman {Caiman crocodilus} killed for subsistence food, Mamairaua Ecol. Stn, Brazil

Luiz Claudio Marigo / Caiman {Caiman crocodilus} killed for subsistence food, Piagacu Purus Res, Brazil

Eric Baccega / Korowai man cutting a sago trunk for the sago harvest, Western Papuasia, Indonesia. 1999 / 2000. (West Papua).

Eric Baccega / Koroway man cutting a sago trunk for the sago harvest, Western Papuasia, Indonesia. 1999 / 2000. (West Papua).

Pete Oxford / Salasaca Indians planting seeds in newly ploughed field, Salasaca, Andes, Ecuador 2004

Michio Hoshino / Pacific Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) harvested by Inuits, Alaska

Jabruson / Children helping parents to collect charcoal, Kinigi, Parc des Volcans NP, Rwanda

Jabruson / Children helping parents to collect charcoal, Kinigi, Parc des Volcans NP, Rwanda

Jabruson / Deforestation of national park for subsistence agriculture, Kinigi district, Parc des volcans NP, Rwanda

Jabruson / Deforestation of national park for subsistence agriculture, Kinigi district, Parec des Volcans NP, Rwanda

Jabruson / Villagers and field of cabbages {Brassica oleracea capitata} Parc des Volcans NP, Rwanda

Pete Oxford / Chagra cowboy with flowers in the band of his hat cleaning a trout to cook at camp, at a hacienda during the annual overnight cattle round-up, Andes Mountains, Ecuador

Pete Oxford / Chagra cowboys with Mountain roses in the bands of their hats preparing to cook trout over a fire at a hacienda during the annual overnight cattle round-up, Andes Mountains, Ecuador

Pete Oxford / Chagra cowboys with Mountain roses in the bands of their hats cooking trout over a fire at a hacienda during the annual overnight cattle round-up, Andes Mountains, Ecuador

Pete Oxford / Mealy Parrot (Amazona farinosa) killed for food with a shotgun while feeding at Kirigueti clay lick, Urubamba River, Peru

Flip Nicklin / Bowhead Whale (Balaena mysticetus) being flensed by Inuits in background while others load muktuk, the skin and outermost layer of skin, onto sleds, Barrow, Alaska

Flip Nicklin / Bowhead Whale (Balaena mysticetus) being flensed by Inuits in the background with muktuk, the skin and outermost layer of skin, displayed on snow, Barrow, Alaska

Flip Nicklin / Bowhead Whale (Balaena mysticetus) being flensed by Inuits, Barrow, Alaska

Flip Nicklin / Bowhead Whale (Balaena mysticetus) captured by Inuits who gather around before it is flensed, Barrow, Alaska

Jabruson / Tropical rainforest cleared for subsistence farming, Ruhengeri district, Rwanda

Jabruson / Deforestation along edge of Bwindi forest national park for subsistence agriculture, Uganda

Jabruson / Man felling tree on edge of Bwindi forest NP for subsistence agriculture, Uganda

Jabruson / Gishwati forest reserve cleared for agriculture after civil war, Ruheneri district, Rwanda 2003

Jabruson / Area on edge of Bwindi NP cleared for banana crops, Uganda

Jabruson / Man cutting down tree with axe - for timber and then for subsistence farming on edge of Bwindi National Park, Uganda

Jabruson / Gishwati forest reserve cleared for agriculture after civil war, Ruheneri district, Rwanda 2003

Jabruson / Tropical rainforest cleared for subsistence farming and Eucalyptus trees, Ruhengeri, Rwanda

Jabruson / Planks from hardwood trees taken from Bwindi NP, Uganda