Emanuele Biggi / Hydnophytum formicarum, a myrmecophile plant that live in a mutualistic association with a colony of ants. Detail of internal structures. Bako National Park, Borneo.

Emanuele Biggi / Ant Plant, Malayan Urn Vine, Rattle Sculls (Dischidia rafflesiana) myrmecophyte plant. Detail of inflated leaf with roots inside, which take nutrition from dead ants bodies. The ants used this particu...

Emanuele Biggi / Ant Plant / Malayan Urn Vine / Rattle Sculls (Dischidia rafflesiana) a myrmecophyte plant, which lives symbiotically with ants. Bako National Park, Borneo.

Emanuele Biggi / Ant Plant / Malayan Urn Vine / Rattle Sculls (Dischidia rafflesiana) a myrmecophyte plant, which lives symbiotically with ants. Bako National Park, Borneo.

Emanuele Biggi / Two epiphytes, Hydnophytum formicarum (right) with symbiotic ant species (Iridomyrmex / Philidris cordatus) and Dischidia nummularia (left) another myrmecophyte plant. Growing side by side on a tree b...

Emanuele Biggi / Epiphyte (Dischidia nummularia) a myrmecophile plant which lives symbiotically with ants, Bako National Park, Borneo (Malaysia)

Emanuele Biggi / Hydnophytum formicarum, a myrmecophile plant, that lives in a mutualistic association with a colony of ants. Bako National Park, Borneo.

Emanuele Biggi / Ants (Crematogaster sp) carrying their larvae and pupae into their host plant (Macaranga sp.), Borneo

Emanuele Biggi / Ants (Crematogaster sp) carrying their larvae and pupae into their host plant (Macaranga sp.), Borneo

Emanuele Biggi / Ants (Crematogaster sp) carrying their larvae and pupae into their host plant (Macaranga sp.), Borneo

Emanuele Biggi / Palm (Korthalsia robusta) a myrmecophyte plant defended by ants (Myrmoplatys sp.) which live symbiotically with it. Poring Hot Springs, Borneo.

Emanuele Biggi / Palm (Korthalsia robusta) a myrmecophyte plant defended by ants (Myrmoplatys sp.) which live symbiotically with it. Poring Hot Springs, Borneo.