Description
Illustration of War Elephant (Elephas maximus), 1552, The Cosmographia, Book V, by Sebastian Munster (the early latin edition from the Basel printing house of Sebastian Heinrich Petri). Woodcut plate in text. Published the year Munster died of plague. The woodcut illustrates the account of Alexander the Great's conquest of India, and the greatest battle against Porus. The battle took place July 326BC. Alexander managed to cross the river Hydapses (the Jhelum). But Porus sent his 200 strong elephants against the Macedonian cavalry and threatened to overwhelm them. During the battle Alexander overtook Porus's left wing, forcing it back upon the elephants. They panicked and ran into the Indian ranks. Alexander won the day, capturing Porus, but allowing him to continue to govern the territory in his name. The woodblock shows Europe was already quite familiar with the elephant. A long history in warfare was known from Hannibal and before.
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