The Indo-Burma hotspot covers much of South-East Asia including all of Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia, most of Thailand and Myanmar, and parts of India, China and Malaysia. Mammal and bird endemism are very high in this region, with more than 60 endemic bird species and more than 70 mammals, including 7 species of monkeys and several of gibbons. This is one of the world's most depleted hotspots, due to rapid population growth and economic development. In spite of this, it still holds great riches and 6 new large mammal species have been discovered here this century.

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