The Tropical Andes biodiversity hotspot extends from Venezuela to northern Chile and Argentina, covering a total of more than 500,000 square kilometres. This region has the greatest biodiversity of plants, birds and amphibians in the world with more than 15,000 endemic plant species, 500 endemic bird species and 600 endemic frog species. The Tropical Andes hotspot is notable for its variety of hummingbird species, for the world's largest flying bird the Ancean condor and for the world's deepest gorge, the Colca Canyon.

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