The Western Ghats and Sri Lanka hotspot extends in a narrow strip through south-west India and into the geologically related island of Sri Lanka. It is characterised by high rainfall on its western side due to the monsoon. This region's forests have been severely depleted, mainly due to population pressure, logging and agricultural development. Enemism is especially high amongst reptiles and amphibians, but also includes two large mammal species - the Nilgiri tahr and the lion-tailed macaque.

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